Media - Essentials of Chemical Education - page 94

Text book and black board are the classical media used in every class and every
type of school. The term media can be discussed under the aspects of media
education as well as under the aspects of media didactics (see Fig. 4.1 ). This text
will address the basic questions of media didactics: “It deals with the functions and
effects of media in teaching and learning processes. Its goal is the advancement of
learning processes through a didactically appropriate organization and methodically
effective use of media. The choice of media and their use should be appropriate for
the teaching goals, contents and methods” [ 2 ].
Classification of media . We speak of “personal media as for instance language,
gesture, and motion, which are part of the term media. These media, where the
teacher is not the carrier of information, are also present in lessons, which are not
typically media oriented. They play an important role in every lesson.” [ 3 ] The text
will not take a closer look at the teacher, who represents a medium himself, but
instead it will focus on the impersonal media of education at school (see Table 4.1 ).
There is a differentiation between the kind of sensory experiences (visual, audible,
audiovisual) and the level of experiences, either primary or secondary experiences.
Becker and Hildebrandt [ 4 ] investigated the use of media in the second half of
the last century and found with their Fadok data [ 5 ] that some media have a
long history in education and while others have not been used much (see Table 4.2 ).

Pedagogy of media

media education media didactics

media studies
media research

Fig. 4.1 Media didactics
as one aspect of media
education [ 2 ]

orientation orientation

to science of communication to pedagogy and didactics

Table 4.1 Classification of general media regarding education at school [ 3 ]
Media of education
Sensory experience Level of experience

Visual Audible Audiovisual Primary Secondary

Slide, photo Radio Slides with sound Animals, plants Preparations

Text book Audiotape Movie Substances, crystals Models

Transparency CD Television Experiments Recordings

Black board Cassette Video Starlit sky Planetarium

Computer Language lab Multimedia Excursion Movie, video