Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.33 Effect of reaction temperature on explosion properties
Concentration of
nitric acid (%)
Ratio% (mass)
Reaction tem-
perature (
Brisance
(mm)
Explosion cra-
ter volume (L)
°
C)
Nitric
acid
Toluene
90
84
16
50
°
C
22.1
24.5
以下
90
84
16
75
80
°
C
22.04
25.5
-
processes and nonstirred one is production time, and the explosion properties of
products obtained from both processes are slimier. Therefore, the industrial pro-
duction of XJ-I explosives can be implemented by either continuous feeding or
pipeline production.
Currently, reactor or pipeline production has been employed in the industrial
production of XJ-I explosives. Speci
cally, nitric acid and toluene in high-dosage
barrels are allowed to continuously
flow into a reactor in certain ratio controlled via
individual valve, in which they are allowed to mix and react. Subsequently, the
reaction solution
fl
flows into a 35 m long coiled tube for cooling, in which the
reaction is allowed to continue followed by cooling down. The ef
fl
flowing out
of coiled tubes is the desired explosive product, which can stay for some time in a
temporary storage tank before being moved into the permanent storage container.
The continuous production process has been illustrated in Fig.
7.5
.
Nitric acid and toluene are continuously added in certain ratios: nitric acid and
toluene are both placed in high-dosage barrels, respectively, and then they can be
added into a sealed crater in a proper ratio via valves and pipes, in which they will
be mixed and allowed to react. After that, the resulting reaction solution can be
cooled down by passing a multisegment condensing tube. This approach is safe,
reliable, easy to control, highly ef
fl
uent
fl
cient, and capable of continuous production.
(3) Applications of XJ-I Explosives [
52
]
To obtain realistic evaluation about the effect of XJ-I liquid high-power
explosives, blasting experiments have been conducted in open iron ore mining
cally, total 39 blasting has been
performed to afford 339 deep holes, which consumed 188 tons of explosives and
covered more than 100 million tons of ores and rocks. This result clearly indicated
that XJ-I explosives possess excellent blasting properties as well as pronounced
economic advantages.
①
fields and underground construction sites. Speci
Experimental Conditions and Charging Process
XJ-I explosives are mainly used for stope
8 to 20 m platforms with ore-rock
−
hardness f =10
18. Generally, blast holes tend to accumulate water, and some even
-
have
cult to blast with powder explosives
such as ammonium pine wax. When XJ-I explosives are used for this purpose, a
long polyethylene bag (bag length should be 1m longer than cannon hole depth, and
blast hole diameter should be greater than the diameter) with detonating cords or
detonating kits should be
fl
flowing water, thus it is extremely dif
first placed in boreholes. Subsequently, liquid explosives
are streamed into the bag through meters and delivery tubes. After the plastic bag
has been sealed, boreholes can be filled and then detonated.
