Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.30 Effect of oxygen balance on explosion brisance and blasting power
No.
Concentration
of nitric acid
(%)
Ratio% (mass)
Oxygen
balance
(%)
Brisance
(mm)
Explosion crater
volume in re
ne
ore (L)
Nitric
acid
Toluene
1
90
86
14
+5.3
20.34
18.6
2
90
85
15
+1.6
21.32
21.2
3
90
84
16
2.2
21.93
21.5
−
4
90
83
17
−
6.1
20.19
13.5
Table 7.31 Formulation of XJ-I explosives
No.
Concentration of nitric acid (%)
Ratio% (mass)
Oxygen balance (%)
Nitric acid
Toluene
1
90
84
16
2.2
−
2
98
83
17
+1.56
Table 7.32 Explosion properties of explosives prepared by different charging sequence
Nitric acid
concentration
(%)
Amount of
nitric acid
(%)
Amount of
toluene
(%)
Charging
sequence
Brisance
(mm)
Explosion
crater
volume (L)
90
84
16
Toluene is
added into
acid
20.75
19.9
90
84
16
Acid is
added into
toluene
20.38
20.1
The Effect of Reaction Temperature on Explosion Properties
Due to the hydration reaction, nitration reaction, and oxidation reaction between
toluene and nitric acid, signi
②
cant amount of heat is often released after toluene and
nitric acid are mixed, which naturally makes the reaction temperature rise sharply.
At the same time, reaction temperature can not only contribute to the composition
of
final products, but also affect their explosion properties. Table
7.33
showed the
explosion properties of explosives prepared between 75
-
80
°
C and below 50
°
C.
°
C, the effect
of reaction temperature on the explosion properties is negligible. Generally, the
reaction temperature for the preparation of XJ-I type explosive in laboratory is
controlled between 70 and 80
As shown in Table
7.33
, when the reaction temperature is below 80
°
C, whereas the temperature in industrial production
is maintained less than 100
°
C.
The Effect of Stirring Conditions on Explosion Properties
It appears that stirring conditions have marginal impact on the heat dissipation of
reaction process, mass transfer between components, as well as production safety.
Related experiments suggested that
③
the only difference between the stirred
