Azido Liquid Explosives - Liquid Explosives - page 275

first reported the polymer synthesis using diazide and
dialkyne under catalysis of cucurbituril.
Sharpless [ 29 ] reached that the molecular weight of in situ polymerization of
diazide and dialkyne is less than 12,500. This work started a new method of
preparing resin structures using point-and-click reactions. Various cross-linked
resins from different types of diazides and dialkyles are applied in the connection of
metals (e.g., copper substrate), which generates a new technology and process
different from that of epoxy. Vora et al. [ 30 ] synthesized alkyne-functionalized
polycaprolactone and polylactide. Under catalysis by copper bromide, the point-
and-click reaction of azido group functionalized compounds with alkyne-func-
tionalized polycaprolactone and polylactide produces miktoarm star polymers.
Catalyzed by copper, Azido group functionalized polyving alcohol(PVA-N 3 ) and
photoactive proper pyrene produce photoactive pyrene functionalized PVA after
poin-and-click reaction. After alkyne functionalized the thiol group of cysteine in
SA, copper-catalyzed point-and-click reaction effectively couples bovine serum
albumin (BSA) onto the polystyrene.
Goldmann et al. [ 31 ] introduced azido groups using thiol-alkene method through
1-azido-undecan-11-thiol

Krasia and Steinke [ 28 ]

first, then the point-and-click reaction of alkyle func-
tionalized poly-2-hydroxyethanyl acrylate and azido groups to achieve the hydro-
philic modi cation of polydivinylbenzene microspheres.

6.1.2.5 Application of Azido Liquid Compounds in Energetic Materials
and Gas Generators

A lot of work has been done for the synthesis of azido nitroamino compounds, their
properties and applications [ 32 ]. Reed and Dolah first started the study of this kind

of compounds. Rosher, Morton, and Eimslic synthesized series of azido nitroamino
compounds, and applied them as the composition of propellants. They notably rise
the combustion/burning rate and speci uencing the pressure

index. Their energy approximately equals that of HMX. Their detonation sensitivity
is relatively low. They are widely applied in smoke-free propellants with low
sensitivity to replace HMX.
Azido group has very high positive formation heat (

c impulse without in fl

H = 3,556 kJ/mol). As the
one composition of propellants, azido materials lower down the average molecular
weight, and increase the speci

ʔ

c impulse. At the same time, introduction of azido
groups increases the nitrogen content, and lowers the relative nitrogen content. Both
are good for reducing the smoke or being smoke free in the combustion/burning of
propellants. The study of azido compounds gains more and more attention [ 33 ].
Azido nitroamino compounds and azido compounds have been synthesized large
quantitatively. They are used in energetic plasticizers and energetic oxidants [ 34 ]
according their properties.
The synthesis of methyl azido nitroamino compounds (1) is based on the
preparation of primary nitramine, then introducing a chloride atom using chlo-
romethylation, followed by azidization, the schematics are below.