Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
self-assembled single molecular
ed Au electrodes using azido
hexanethoil, and connected DNA using azido groups to obtain DNA immobilized
Au electrodes (DNA/SAM/Au). These electrodes are used as fast-response probes
to measure the taxol in blood serum. Boaen and Hillmyer [
22
] had detailed review
in the functionalization area of polymers. Thermo Scienti
layer modi
c Company also released
series of azido crosslinkers.
6.1.2.4 Application of Azido Compounds in Other Cycloadditions
A lot of researcher tired to improve and simplify the cycloaddition of azido com-
pounds. Appukkuttan et al. [
23
] activated benzyl chloride/NaN
3
using microwaves
and used one-step method to synthesize triazoles through the reaction of activated
benzyl chloride/NaN
3
and terminal alkyne. The yield reaches 86
93 %. Another
valuable improvement was done by Orguira using element Cu(0) as the catalyst and
amine as the co-catalyst [
24
]. The yield is more than 95 %. Later Yamamoto
prepared 1,4,5-trisubstitution triazoles using bimetal catalysts and central alkyne
[
25
]. In 2005, Zhang et al. [
26
] discovered that Cp*RuCl(PPh
3
)
2
catalyzed cyclo-
addition with 1,5-substitution triazoles. In addition, tetrahexyl ammonium chloride
(THAC) can also catalyze the cycloaddition of aryl azido compounds [
27
]. The
yield from the reaction of azido benzene and methyl propiolate is more 90 %.
1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azido compounds and alkyne catalyzed by Cu is the
well-established point-and-click reaction because of its reliability, speci
-
city, and
biocompatibility. The nitrogen-containing rings with triazole products can mime the
atom displacement and electrical properties of pipetide bonds. Under reaction
conditions, the common functional groups of biological molecules are stable. While
the reactivity of azides and alkyne is very high, they do not react with biological
functional groups. The biological orthogonal effect makes the reaction particularly
suitable for the derivatives synthesis of natural products in biology and medicine,
target guided synthesis, and active group proteomic pro
ting from fast,
effective, and predictable single step of multiple-step reactions, the integration of
combination of point-and-click reaction with combinatorial chemistry, high-
throughput screening, and database building of compounds will accelerate the
discovery and development of new drugs.
Once established point-and-click reaction, the relative papers emerge explo-
sively. This practical and intelligent reaction is fruitful in three relative areas:
(1) polymers and materials science; (2) biological coupling; (3) drug development.
The application of the reaction is the center of attention in synthesis and modifi-
ling. Bene
-
cation of macromolecules, self-assembly single layer of metals and nanomaterials,
synthesis of supermolecules, molecule
-
electro devices, sensor probes, nonlinear
optical materials, surface modi
cation of column packing materials of HPLC,
immobilization of enzymes, coupling, labeling and testing of biological molecules
(e.g., oligopeptides, polynuleotide, oligosaccharides, lipids, proteins, cell tissue
organs, etc.), and new drug development.
