Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
oxygen carriers, such as ammoniumnitrate or sodiumnitrate, has been produced since
then. In 1888, Nobel invented
smokeless powder. Nitroglycerine
also has been widely used as a component of ammonium nitrate explosives.
The wide applications of nitroglycerine in medicine, clinic, aviation, aerospace,
and military have been studied in many references [
9
,
10
,
88
“
nitroglycerine
”
91
] and will be
-
discussed in this topic.
5.4.1.5 The Toxicity of Nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerine is a toxic chemical causing the dilation of blood vessels and the
reduction of blood pressure. Nitroglycerine can cause poisoning through percutane-
ous or mucosal penetration after inhalation. The cardinal symptom of nitroglycerine
poisoning is severe headache with a feeling of grinding. For alcoholics, they could be
accustomed to nitroglycerine quickly in a couple of days after contacting with
nitroglycerine. However, the adaptability will be lost as soon as they are separated
from nitroglycerine. It will take time to resume the adaptability when in contact with
nitroglycerine again. Workers in double-base propellant production used to fabricate
and sieve dynamite (nitroglycerine) with bare hands without any harm. Nitroglycerine
does not cause chronic poisoning. Thus, the chemical should not be considered as an
industrial toxicant. Some people might have an allergy to nitroglycerine. The
symptoms of accidental poisoning include headache, vomit, cyanosis, visual distur-
bance, and limb itching and edema. The approach of detoxi
cation is to intramus-
cularly inject caffeine, sodium benzoate, and orally take amphetamine sulfate.
5.4.2 Property and Preparation of Nitro Isobutyl Glycerine
Trinitrate
Nitro isobutyl glycerine trinitrate with code of NB is also called trimethylol
nitromethane trinitrate and nitro isobutanetriol trinitrate.
5.4.2.1 Property of Nitro Isobutyl Glycerine Trinitrate
Nitro isobutyl glycerine trinitrate is a light yellow sticky oily liquid. The industrial
products are dark yellow because of the impurities in feedstock. Some products
show abnormal brown or light green because of different production process.
Molecular formula: C
4
H
6
N
4
O
11
Chemical structure:
CH
2
ONO
2
O
2
N
C
CH
2
ONO
2
