Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 5.8
Facilities of producing n-butyl nitrate. Left nitration reactor, right segregator with a glass
mirror
5.2.6 Property and Preparation of n-Amyl Nitrate
5.2.6.1 Chemical Physical Properties of n-Amyl Nitrate
Molecular formula: C
5
H
11
NO
3
Chemical structure:
H
H
3
C
H
2
C
H
2
C
H
2
C
C
ONO
2
H
Molecular weight: 133.15
Oxygen balance:
150.2 % (CO
2
-based)
Nitrogen content: 10.52 %
−
5.2.6.2 Preparation of n-Amyl Nitrate [
56
]
The composition of nitration solution is 60 wt% HNO
3
,30wt%H
2
O, and 10 wt%
protective agent. The protective agent is composed of 80 wt% urea and 20 wt%
ammonium nitrate. The nitration solution in a reactor is heated to 82
C, and then
both n-pentanol and 15 % urea aqueous solution are slowly added into the reactor.
If the addition rate of n-pentanol is too fast, the reaction solution would be over-
fl
°
C, water in the reaction system will be
segregated. The temperature of the oil bath is set at around 160
own. When the temperature reaches 95
°
°
C and the
