Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 5.6
Industrial
production device of
isopropyl nitrate
will be re
uxed and come back to the reactor. The isopropyl nitrate product is
condensed and collected to reduce the conversion of oxidation reaction at high
temperature. This modi
fl
ciency and stable
yield. The industrial production device of isopropyl nitrate is shown in Fig.
5.6
.
The optimal condition to produce isopropyl nitrate is that the nitration temper-
ature is 106
ed method shows high production ef
°
°
10 min. The feeding
time is about 15 min. The mass ratio of feedstock is isopropanol (99.5 %): nitric
acid (70 %): urea (99 %): ammonium nitrate (98 %) = 1:6:0.43:0.96. At this
condition, the yield of isopropyl nitrate with the purity of 99.6 % is up to 97.6 %.
C. The holding temperature is 100
-
105
C for 5
-
5.2.5 Property and Preparation of n-Butyl Nitrate [
56
]
5.2.5.1 Chemical
Physical Property of n-Butyl Nitrate
-
Molecular formula: C
4
H
9
NO
3
Chemical structure:
H
H
3
C
H
2
C
H
2
C
C
ONO
2
H
Molecular weight: 119.12
Oxygen balance:
127.6 % (CO
2
-based)
Nitrogen content: 10.52 %
−
5.2.5.2 Preparation of n-Butyl Nitrate [
66
]
The conventional preparation method of n-butyl nitrate is to nitrate n-butanol by the
mixed acid of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. However, the yield is very low by this
