Civil Engineering Reference
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ings, but different materials and class of occupancy are considered. All
buildings are located on soil type B. The data provided for each building
are: (i) dimensional parameters and location; (ii) physical parameters; and
(iii) capacity curves, damping ratio, occupancy class, the total occupancy
area, the full replacement costs, the construction building times, the recov-
ery costs, etc. Plan dimensions and location of the housing units are plotted
directly by the user in the Google map interface during the construction of
the database in the region of interest. Physical parameters are loaded using
the classifi cation given in the PEOPLES Resilience Framework and it will
be used to build the corresponding fragility curves. The building seismic
response is evaluated using the Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM), which
is also adopted by the software HAZUS (FEMA, 2005), because it is faster
when several building performance need to be evaluated in a given region.
Further details about the case study can be found in Arcidiacono
et al.
(2011).
Four different scenarios were considered assuming different recovery
actions, based on the number of construction sites working in a day. It is
assumed that there is no limit to the economic budget. Functionality as well
as resilience indices were evaluated for two different control periods: at two
years and at the end of the construction site work. From the 3D histogram
plotted on Google Earth (Fig. 11.15), it is possible to see how the damage
states in all buildings are distributed in the selected region of interest.
Figure 11.15b shows the contour plot of functionality immediately after the
disaster. Figure 11.16a shows the resilience index when the control period
is two years, while Fig. 11.16b shows the functionality curves for different
scenario events; the best scenario is the fi rst one.
11.4.2 Treasure Island in San Francisco Bay
Twenty-fi ve buildings and the road network in the Treasure Island, which
is an island connecting the City of San Francisco with Oakland through the
Bay Bridge on Highway 80 (Fig. 11.17), have been considered as a case
study. In this example, the interdependencies between the housing units and
the road network have been taken into account. If a building is not acces-
sible from the road network after an earthquake, it will not be repaired,
remaining its functionality at a reduced state. If a building collapses, the
road in the area that is infl uenced by the collapsed building will lose its
functionality.
The earthquake considered as the input to the model corresponds to a
return period (
T
r
) of 2450 years, while the input data related to the road
network are taken from Open Street Map database. The main assumptions
of the recovery scenario are: (i) no limit on the economic budget (EB); (ii)
maximum of three simultaneous starts of construction at building sites
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