Permeable Reactive Barriers: Cost-Effective and Sustainable Remediation of Groundwater - Permeable Reactive Barrier: Sustainable Groundwater Remediation - page 9

Peat, funnel-and-gate PRB
system
Funnel trench W × L × D
(0.6 × 27 × 5 m), gate
W × L (2 × 4 m) variable
depth (slope surface)

Petroleum hydrocarbon South eastern

Australia

$71,500 to construct
(no operating and maintenance
cost)

Guerin et al. (2002)

Nitrate-enhanced
bioremediation

Jet fuel
(toluene, xylene,
ethylbenzene)

Air force
demonstration,
EglinAir Force
Base, FL, USA

$160-$230/gal fuel removed DuTeaux et al. (1996)

Electronically induced
redox barriers

TCE F.E. Warren Air

Force Base, WY,
USA

Normalized to the cross-sectional
area of the e-barrier capital costs:
$409/ft 3 /year and operating and
maintenance cost:$10/ft 3 /year

FRTR (2007a)

Intrinsic remediation or
natural attenuation

Natural attenuation is
conirmed (unfavorable
for heavy metals)

No capital or operating and
maintenance costs other than
long-term monitoring

Source remediation via
nano ZVI injection

Dechlorination of DNAPL
contaminants

Cost varies depending on depth,
nature and quantity of
contaminant, and local geology.
$250,000-$300,000 per site (based
on pilot trials)

Cundy et al. (2008)

Pump-and-treat technology
(P&T) system augmented
with in situ bioremediation.
The treated groundwater
was oxygenated and
amended with nitrogen
and phosphorus before
reinjection

1,2-DCA, VC, and benzene French Ltd., TX, USA Capital cost per volume of

groundwater treated Per Year
$200/1000 gallons;
Average annual operating cost per
volume of groundwater treated
per year $43/1000 gallons

USEPA (1999a,b)

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