Agriculture Reference
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Kroshka (k-63050, Krasnodar) and Bezenchukskaya 1 (k-642787, Samara Region).
Germination of seeds in versions with a mutagen exceeded the control by 11.8-22.6
percent. At the same time, the variety Gunistan obtained from the Krasnodar area
(k-64283) showed inhibition of the growth processes in the early stages of ontogeny.
Stimulus effect of chemical mutagens by the nature of the display is similar to the
effect of low doses of ionizing radiation, which is explained in certain hypotheses.
Toxicological hypothesis of radio stimulation proposed by N.V. Timofeev-Ress-
ovsky [28], according to which the effects of ionizing radiation on cell breakdown
products occur, led to an increase in the rate of cell division in the body. At high con-
centrations, toxic breakdown products are destructive to cells and exciting life activity
at low concentrations.
I. A. Rapoport proposed the concept of “dual genetic stimulation” [29-31], which
implies the existence of several private mechanisms of genetic stimulation. Stimula-
tion of heterozygote is to increase and as a consequence leads to heterosis body. Ac-
cording to the author, the stimulation can acquire a signifi cant economic effi ciency, as
it allows reducing the length of time needed to create lines that allow transfer method
heterosis for self-pollinated plants.
Looking at this question from the point of view of practice, it should be remem-
bered that the ratio of heterosis and nonhegeterosis contribution of stimulation are
different for different species and varieties. Nonheterosis mechanism represents the
modifi cation, that is, nonhereditary stimulating effect. It is assumed that chemical mu-
tagens are both genes and the enzyme apparatus defi ning metabolism, growth, and
proliferation of cells.
In our experiments [32], the infl uence of stimulating doses of chemical mutagens
increased the indexes of seed germination, the survival of the plants during the grow-
ing season, and yield. The factors determining the variability of symptoms when ex-
posed to a number of mutagens, the frequency and variety of mutations are the specifi c
actions of mutagens and genotypic characteristics of the facility. Differences in the
mutability of individual genotypes should be evaluated by the total frequency of muta-
tions induced by the same mutagen in various doses. The reproducibility of the genetic
effect by using the mutagenic factors in a specifi c dose is low because of the stochastic
nature of mutational changes.
7.4 OTHER COLLECTIONS OF PLANTS
Along with cultivated cereals, we form a collection of other plant species. In a study of
140 samples of peas from 15 regions of the Russian Federation (70% of samples) and
21 samples from other countries (30%).
Increase of the productivity of symbiotic nitrogen fi xation and legume plants and
production of high-quality and environmentally friendly raw materials is determined
by the effectiveness of biological products on the basis of symbiotic and associative
rhizosphere microorganisms [33]. Work is carried out under a joint program with the
All-Russian Scientifi c Research Institute of Microbiology of the Russian Academy of
Agricultural Sciences (St. Petersburg).
Department of Botany, Biotechnology, and Landscape Architecture of Tyumen
State University has a collection of medicinal plants, in which there are 40 species,
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