Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
In spring wheat, the subjects of study were two varieties of different eco-geograph-
ical origin: Cara variety of worldwide collection (k-64381) Mexican breeding and
variety SKENT 3 of Russia, as well as a hybrid of the fourth generation (F
4
), derived
from crosses of these varieties. The hybrid combination has passed a comprehensive
evaluation to the selection of forms, having useful features.
The test was conducted in 2013 to obtain mutants of the fi rst (M
1
) after exposure
to a mutagen generation. The dry seeds of spring and winter wheat were treated by
phosphemidum at concentrations of 10
−2
and 10
−3
M by the method described by L.
I. Weisfeld [22]. Seeds were soaked in mutagen solutions at room temperature (20-
22°C) for 4 hr. After treatment, seeds were then washed under running tap water for
60 min. In the control was taken distilled water. Seeds of spring wheat after treating
with a mutagen were studied under fi eld conditions during the growing season in a
4-fold repetition in May-August 2013. In the laboratory experiment, seeds of winter
wheat were placed in Petri dishes on fi lter paper of 50 pieces in each, in 4 replicates.
Seeds were germinated in a thermostat at 25°C. The vigor and laboratory germination
of seeds and seedlings of morphometric parameters were determined. In August 2013,
a fi eld experiment on samples of winter wheat was conducted. The number of seeds
sown on each variant was 200 units.
The main objective of this work on chemical mutagenesis is to increase the genetic
diversity and create a collection of mutant forms of wheat by mutagenic treatment of
seeds. Mutational variability was studied on seedlings in the laboratory and on plants,
in the fi eld.
In our previous experiments [25-27], in several species of cultivated plants using
gamma rays, NMM, NEM, EI, DMS, DES, the observed polymorphism pronounced
resistance to its complete absence. Under the same exposure modes on mutagens
(gamma rays, and the concentration of chemical mutagens), some samples very rap-
idly decreased indicators of seed viability, growth, and development of plants in the
fi rst generation after mutagen treatment M
1
. These include soft wheat—Strela, sain-
foin sandy SibNIIK 41, clover Falenski 1, amaranth—sample k-147. Other samples
of morpho-physiological parameters did not change signifi cantly and remained at the
level of control. This group consisted of soft wheat Haruhikari, sainfoin sandy Sib-
NIIK 3274. Some objects manifest the effect of stimulation of growth processes: from
soft wheat Milturum 553 and sainfoin sandy Phlogiston to amaranth k-40197, k-47.
The hybrid forms of spring wheat had characteristic large stability in relation to the
action of mutagens as compared to original varieties.
Under the action of phosphemid, a hybrid form F
4
soft spring wheat Cara × SKENT
3 increased survival compared with control plants after treatment of the fi rst genera-
tion during the growing period in 2013. Compared with the best biological stability of
the initial variety in the embodiment, hybrid plants at a concentration of 10
−2
M were
higher by 40.0 percent. Thus, the results obtained by us at the present time confi rm the
results of earlier studies.
Hybridization may have created a new type of organism. Progeny studied hybrids
have the capacity for repair of mutagenic damage.
Phosphemid had a stimulating effect in the germination of seeds of winter wheat
cultivated in podzolic soil, which was found in two varieties of winter wheat collection:
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