A STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL AND FORMATION OF GENE POOL OF CULTURAL PLANTS IN INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY OF TYUMEN STATE UNIVERSITY - Ecological Consequences of Increasing Crop Productivity - page 61

the material provided for its perpetuation and management can provide a signifi cant
contribution to the fi ght against environmental pollution and biodiversity conservation
areas.
7.3 EXTENSION METHODS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CULTIVATED
PLANTS
7.3.1 HYBRIDIZATION
One of the primary tasks of spring wheat is the creation of original material with a high
ecological plasticity, using modern methods, one of which is hybridization.
For hybrids obtained by crossing fi ve varieties of spring wheat incomplete diallel
scheme, graduate E. I. Ripeberger, in the fi rst generation (F1) found a less pronounced
susceptibility to powdery mildew ( Erysiphe graminis DC.). Dividing the sample into
groups of sustainability revealed 10 percent of hybrid signs of injury. Among the start-
ing grades, a large proportion (40%) had a very low resistance to phytopathogenic
fungi of hybrids dominated combination with an average degree of lesion.
With regard to the spotty ( Alternaria sp., Helmintosporium sp.), 50 percent of
hybrid showed a high level of stability. While the initial varieties group was only 20
percent. Among the dominating varieties, the group with a very low and medium resis-
tance, including hybrids, accounted for 10 and 20 percent, respectively.
According to the results of the studies conducted in 2010, 2011, and 2012, in terms
of resistance to powdery mildew stood a hybrid form of crossing ♀ Hybrid × ♂ Lute-
scens 70. Very high resistance to spotted was possessed by hybrid forms ♀ SKENT 3
and ♂ SKENT 1, ♀ Hybrid × ♂ Lutescens 70, ♀ Hybrid × ♂ SKENT 3, and ♀ Cara ×
♂ SKENT 3, the initial variety Lutescens 70 [12-13].
Dedicated by us the immune samples wheat were several unique forms that are
both resistant to several most harmful pathogens - pathogens of fungal diseases. They
can be used in breeding as potential donors of resistance to develop new varieties for
the competitive global market [13].
The basic foundation for the identifi cation of the causative agent, the study of de-
velopmental biology, and the creation of infectious backgrounds is a collection of pure
cultures of pathogenic fungi and mycological herbarium. The collection includes more
than 150 strains, including the most damaging of representatives of the genera Hel-
mintosporium , Fusarium , Alternaria , Sclerotinia , and others is important from both a
theoretical and practical point of view.
Yu.B. Trofi mova obtained new data on the biology of pathogens of various plant
diseases. Thus, it was found that the effect of Fusarium nivale CES. depends on the
temperature. When cultured on potato glucose agar, beginning of the growth of the
fungus (on day 8), sporulation (on the 56th day), and formation of colonies (90 mm—
42th day) were observed at a temperature of 5°C. The defeat of snow mold collection
samples of winter wheat in some cases led to a thinning in the other and to the com-
plete destruction of plants. Highlighted during the course of many years of research,
sources of resistance to this and other phytopathogenic fungi are a valuable raw mate-
rial for adaptive selection [14, 15].
In studies performed at the Department of Botany, Biotechnology and Landscape
Architecture with rye, O.A. Buldyaeva convincingly showed varietal differences in