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shoots that cannot only survive in a range of adverse environmental factors, but also
thrive and develop. An important task is to preserve the formative processes in the
period since the germination of seeds and plants to complete the transition to auto-
trophic type of food [4,5]. At the same time, as noted by A.I. Nosatovsky, lack of soil
moisture during grain germination and seedling emergence leads to a thinning or delay
in germination [6].
In our study, the original and hybrid (F
1
; F
2
; F
3
; F
4
) forms of spring wheat were
evaluated by fi eld germination and survival of plants in various hydrothermal regime
on growing periods. A characteristic feature of the period of the study can be consid-
ered as the uneven distribution of rainfall. With the passage of separate development
phases of plant spring wheat, moisture defi cit was observed against the background of
increased air temperatures, which is most clearly evident in 2012. In terms of quan-
titative characteristics (maximum air temperature, dry periods), in this year's record
values observed over the multiyear averages.
In the process of seed germination, there are three phases: physical (seeds absorb
water and swell), biochemical (conversion of reserve substances insoluble to soluble),
and morphology (the beginning of the growth of the fetus) [7]. Consequently, heat
and moisture supply during this period may be crucial for the occurrence of the initial
stages of ontogeny.
According to our data when the conditional distribution of the initial forms and
hybrid combinations on fi eld germination of seeds into four groups found that during
the years of the study, most of the studied samples of spring wheat were characterized
by high and very high levels. In 2013, 60.0 percent of the forms were assigned to a
group with average fi eld germination (Figure 9.1).
FIGURE 9.1
The distribution of hybrid (F
1
; F
2
; F
3
; F
4
) and original forms of spring wheat in
the group on field germination of seeds %.
Groups:1—low
(<50%),
2—moderate (51-70%), 3—high (71-90%), 4—very high (> 90%).
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