Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
9.1 INTRODUCTION
The territory of Northern Zauralye (Tyumen area, Russia) characterized by severe con-
tinental climate, sudden change in air temperature, prolonged spring drought, a wide
variety of soil types, and other factors limiting the growth and development of crop
plants by biotic and abiotic factors. In view of the above-mentioned factors, selection
and creation of varieties of high adaptive and productive properties is required.
The purpose of the experiment—the study of the impact of environmental factors
on seed germination, seedling formation, and biological stability of the hybrid forms
of soft spring wheat.
Spring wheat hybrids were obtained in 2009 by crossing fi ve samples according to
incomplete diallel scheme. Parental forms included in the experiment were presented
varieties of Tyumen selection (Skent 1 and Skent 3), as well as varieties of foreign
selection Lyutescens 70 (Kazakhstan), Hybrid (k-47641, Mexico), and Cara (k-64381,
Mexico). Local varieties were treated to a variety
lutescens (Alef.) Manf.,
Mexican
varieties selection—to species
eritrospermum
Korn. and
ferrugeneum
(Alef.) Mansf.
The starting material is picked up on the results of a comprehensive assessment col-
lection fund of soft spring wheat on the basis of the Tyumen science point of Research
Institute of Plant Industry by N.I. Vavilov. Castration and pollination of mother plants
were carried out by the method described by V.F. Dorofeyev and coauthor [1].
A fi eld test was conducted on the experimental hybrids Biological Station area
“Lake Kuchak” by Tyumen State University in 2010-2013. In an experiment in 2010,
we used the method of an individual assessment of each plant. Sowing was carried out
with the inclusion of parental units and hybrid forms with a feeding area for each plant
10 × 20 cm analyzed in 203 plants. In 2011-2013, hybrids of the second, third, and
fourth generations (F
2
, F
3
, F
4
) were evaluated families (family—descendants of one
plant). Area plots depended on the number of seeds. The number of families studied
was 91. Sowing was held on May 6 in 2010; May 10, 2011; May 9, 2012; and May
9—in 2013.
It is known that during the growing period, the plants are exposed to various en-
vironmental factors, such as extreme temperatures, lack or excess moisture, nutrient
defi ciency, disease damage, and other factors that may lead to delay in development
and growth, and ultimately to the death of a phase of the plant. The manifestation of
many selection-important traits at the phenotypic level, under the circumstances, ac-
cording to V.P. Shamanin, depends primarily on the rate of the reaction of the genotype
to changing environmental conditions [2].
Studies of B.A. Rubin revealed that the hereditary nature of the plant organism are
determined by features such as the late- and early maturation, the overall productivity,
number of shoots, and resistance to adverse effects of biotic and abiotic factors. But at
the same time, the realization of the genetic potential of plants largely depends on the
environmental conditions in which they are being development [3].
For the conversion of the resting grain seedling to the optimal combination of
environmental need some factors—water, heat, and oxygen—are required. Complete-
ness of germination depends on many factors, including the conditions for the for-
mation and maturation of seeds, storage, heat, and moisture during germination. The
major requirement for the seeds to germinate last property is considered, giving strong
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