NOMENCLATURE Part 2 (Reactor Modeling in The Petroleum Refining Industry)

Yield of gasoline, wt%, conversion

Mole fraction of the component i in the liquid phase,

Mole fraction of the component i in the gas phase,

Constant

Axial reactor coordinate, cm_r; diesel yield, wt%

Compressibility factor, dimensionless

Constant employed in Bosanquet’s formula,

dimensionless

Empirical exponent; rate constant, h^-1; model

parameter

Generalized temperature function of component i

Empirical exponent; inhibition factor

Empirical exponent

Universal constants in the generalized equation of

state

Catalyst bed void fraction or catalyst bed porosity,

Holdup of solid phase inside catalyst particle,

Effectiveness factor of a partially external and

internal wetted pellet, dimensionless

External efficiency, dimensionless

Global reactor efficiency, dimensionless

Wetting efficiency inside catalyst particle, dimensionless

Catalyst effectiveness factor of reaction j in phase f, dimensionless

Overall catalyst effectiveness factor of reaction j in a

TBR, dimensionless

Index for normalized TBP

Thiele modulus of an irregular particle, dimensionless

Modified Thiele modulus of reaction j for TBRs, dimensionless

Thiele modulus of reaction j in phase f, dimensionless

Proportionality constant

Extent of reaction, dimensionless

Hydrodynamic diameter of solute/pore diameter ratio,

Dynamic viscosity of phase f, cP

Kinematic viscosity, cSt

Radial coordinate inside spherical catalyst particle, cmS

Surface tension, dyn/cm; Stephan-Boltzmann

Critical surface tension, dyn/cm

Observed overall conversion half-time, s

Conversion half-time extrapolated to infinite liquid velocity, s

Stoichiometric coefficient of component i in reaction j in phase f, dimensionless

Shape factor (= surface area of a sphere of equal volume/surface area of the particle)

Liquid – phase fugacity coefficient of component i, dimensionless

Function of superficial liquid velocity that considers the degree of utilization of the catalyst due to hydrodynamic phenomena

Radiant transfer factor, dimensionless

Empirical exponent; acentric factor, dimensionless

Collision integral, dimensionless

Universal constants

Apparent

Referred to reactor catalytic bed

Referred to critical conditions

Effective

Phase (gas, liquid, or solid); final or outlet condition

Gas phase

Molecular hydrogen

Hydrogen sulfide

Component index

Intrinsic

Gas-liquid interface

Reaction index

Liquid phase

Mean average boiling point

Ammonia

obs

Observed

p

Referred to catalyst particle

P

Referred to plug flow

room

Referred to room conditions

S

Sulfur compound

S

Solid phase; condition at external surface of solid

catalyst particle

st

Condition at stagnant zone

tot

Total

TW

Referred to thermowell

W

Referred to reactor wall

0

Initial or inlet condition

*

Equilibrium condition

Superscripts

^f

Phase (gas, liquid, or solid)

G

Gas phase; gas side of the gas-liquid interface

I

Gas-liquid interface

L

Liquid phase; liquid side of the gas-liquid interface

S

Solid phase; liquid side of the liquid-solid interface;

inside solid catalyst particle

Dimensionless Numbers

Bi

Bo

Nu

Pe

Pr

Re

Sc

Sh