Cardiac Arrhythmias–New Considerations

Approach to Ventricular Arrhythmias in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (Pathophysiology of Cardiac Arrhythmias) Part 2

Genetic abnormalities associated with ventricular arrhythmias Various forms of genetic abnormality-associated with ventricular arrhythmia may place a child at risk for sudden cardiac death. Although some diseases are clinically obvious, cardiovascular collapse may be the first symptom in others. Studies of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia have therefore focused on identification of patients with […]

Psychological Approach to the Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Focus on the Emotions (Pathophysiology of Cardiac Arrhythmias) Part 1

Introduction This topic proposes a psychological approach to the cardiac arrhythmias. Initially, psychosocial risk factors highlighted in the specialized literature will be reviewed: socioeconomic status, social support, age, gender, type A behavior pattern, stress and depression. Following this, studies regarding the impact of negative emotions and positive emotions on cardiac rhythm will be reported, with […]

Psychological Approach to the Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Focus on the Emotions (Pathophysiology of Cardiac Arrhythmias) Part 2

Emotions and their effects on cardiac rhythm Negative emotions and positive emotions The conceptual and theoretical description of the emotions has been the subject of much debate. However, most experts agree that the emotions comprise affective, cognitive, behavioral and neurobiological components which sustain the adaptive behavior (Gallo & Mathews, 2003; Kubzansky & Kawachi, 2000). Emotions […]

The Variations in Electrical Cardiac Systole and Its Impact on Sudden Cardiac Death (Cardiac Arrhythmias) Part 1

By: Breijo-Marquez, FR. MD. http://breijo-marquez.docvadis.es/ Introduction Before anything else, is essential to define what is the electrical cardiac systole. Especially when there are so many discrepancies among different authors. Includes cardiac electrical systole from the beginning of the P wave (atrial depolarization) to the end of the T wave (ventricular repolarization). Would cover thus the […]

The Variations in Electrical Cardiac Systole and Its Impact on Sudden Cardiac Death (Cardiac Arrhythmias) Part 2

By: Breijo-Marquez, FR. MD. http://breijo-marquez.docvadis.es/ Current therapeutic bases Rarely, the drug medical therapy can have failures usually, but there are patients in who there is not effective (for patients who continue to have recurrent and intolerable symptoms). In such extreme cases are used: – Radiofrequency ablation (RF). – The external pacemaker. – The Implantable Cardioverter […]

Bradycardia in Children During General Anaesthesia (Uncommon Heart Rhythm Disorders) (Cardiac Arrhythmias) Part 1

Introduction Bradycardia in association with anaesthesia may lead to insufficient cardiac output and decreased delivery of oxygen to vital organs. In children the heart rate is the dominant factor for cardiac output, since the developing heart is less compliant and contractile and stroke volume cannot increase much. Thus, when bradycardia occurs in children during anaesthesia, […]

Bradycardia in Children During General Anaesthesia (Uncommon Heart Rhythm Disorders) (Cardiac Arrhythmias) Part 2

Age Cardiovascular and respiratory factors are the major causes of cardiopulmonary arrest in the pediatric population during anesthesia. Data from the American Society of Anesthesiologist Closed Claims Project showed that cardiopulmonary arrest during anesthesia in the pediatric population was different than in the adult population. In the pediatric population, cardiopulmonary arrest during anesthesia was commonly […]

Spiral Waves, Obstacles and Cardiac Arrhythmias (Uncommon Heart Rhythm Disorders) Part 1

Introduction The propagation of electrical waves through cardiac tissue is a very important phenomenon to study since those waves activate the mechanisms for cardiac contraction, responsible to pump blood to the body. An electrical wave of excitation, called also an action potential wave, is initiated periodically at a place called the sinoatrial node, the natural […]

Spiral Waves, Obstacles and Cardiac Arrhythmias (Uncommon Heart Rhythm Disorders) Part 2

Meandering and drift of a spiral wave When a spiral wave evolves in excitable media in general, its dynamics are ruled by (i) the local conducting mechanisms, and; (ii) the heterogeneities of the medium. The former gives rise to a phenomenon called meandering, whereas the later to a phenomenon referred to as drift of a […]

Spiral Waves, Obstacles and Cardiac Arrhythmias (Uncommon Heart Rhythm Disorders) Part 3

Non-excitable obstacles Obstacles in cardiac tissue have been modeled with regions where the zero flux condition is imposed (Azene et al., 2001; Isomura et al., 2008; Panfilov & Kenner, 1993; Shajahan et al., 2009; Starobin et al., 1996; Valderrabano et al., 2000). Arteries (Valderrabano et al., 2000) and the natural orifices in the atria, (Azene […]

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