Paleolithic
Lower Paleolithic, circa 700/500,000-200,000 BP
Middle Paleolithic, circa 200,000-45,000 BP
Upper Paleolithic, circa 35,000-21,000 BP
Late Paleolithic, circa 21,000-12,000 BP
Epi-paleolithic, circa 12,000-8,000 BP
Neolithic, northern Egypt: begins circa 5200 BC
Predynastic period:
Ma’adi culture, northern Egypt, circa 4000-3300/3200 BC
Badarian culture, Middle Egypt, circa 4500-3800 BC
Nagada culture, southern Egypt:
Nagada I, circa 4000-3600 BC
Nagada II, circa 3600-3200 BC
Nagada III/Dynasty 0, circa 3200-3050 BC
Early Dynastic period:
1st Dynasty, circa 3050-2890 BC:
Ah*
Djer
Djet
Den
Anedjib
Smerkhet
Qa’a
2nd Dynasty, circa 2890-2686 BC:
Hotepsekhemwy
Reneb
Nynetjer
Weneg
Peribsen
Khasekhemwy
Old Kingdom:
3rd Dynasty, circa 2686-2613 BC:
Nebka Zoser
Sekhemkhet
Khaba
Huni
4th Dynasty, circa 2613-2494 BC:
Seneferu
Khufu
Djedefre
Khafre
Nebka
Menkaure
Shepseskaf
5th Dynasty, circa 2494-2345 BC:
Weserkaf
Sahure
Neferirkare
Shepseskare
Neferefre
Nyuserre
Menkauhor
Djedkare-Isesi
Unas
6th Dynasty, circa 2345-2181 BC:
Teti
Weserkare
Pepi I
Merenre
Pepi II
Nitocris
First Intermediate Period:
7th-8th Dynasties, circa 2181-2125 BC: circa 16 kings
9th-10th Dynasties (Heracleopolis), circa 2160-2025 BC: circa 18 kings
11th Dynasty, pre-unification Thebes, circa 2125-2055 BC:
|
Mentuhotep I |
Intef II |
|
Intef I |
Intef III |
Middle Kingdom: 11th Dynasty, unification, circa 2055-1985 BC:
|
Mentuhotep II |
Mentuhotep IV |
|
Mentuhotep III |
12th Dynasty, circa 1985-1795 BC:
|
Senusret I |
Amenemhat IV |
|
Amenemhat II |
Queen Sobekneferu |
|
Senusret II |
Second Intermediate Period: 13th Dynasty, circa 1795-1650 BC:
|
circa 65 kings, including: |
Sihathor I |
|
‘Amu-sa-hornedjherjotef |
Sihathor II |
|
Chendjer |
Sobekhotep IV |
|
Sobekhotep III |
Neferhotep III |
|
Neferhotep I |
14th Dynasty, circa 1750-1650 BC:
Possibly up to 76 kings who ruled from Sais in the Delta and overlapped with the 13tl and 15 th Dynasties.
15th Dynasty (Hyksos), circa 1650-1550 BC:
|
Salitis |
Apophis |
|
Khayan |
Khamudi |
16th Dynasty (Hyksos), circa 1650-1550 BC: circa 17 minor kings/Hyksos vassals who overlapped with the 15th Dynasty. 17th Dynasty (Thebes), circa 1650-1550 BC:
|
circa 14 kings, the last four of which were: |
Ta’o II |
|
Intef VI |
Kamose |
|
Ta’o I |
New Kingdom: 18th Dynasty, circa 1550-1295 BC:
|
Ahmose |
Tuthmose IV |
|
Amenhotep I |
Amenhotep III |
|
Tuthmose I |
Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten (Amarna period) |
|
Tuthmose II |
Smenkhkare |
|
Tuthmose III |
Tutankhamen |
|
Hatshepsut |
Ay |
|
Amenhotep II |
Horemheb |
Ramesside period: 19th Dynasty, circa 1295-1186 BC:
|
Ramesses I |
Amenmesses |
|
Seti I |
Seti II |
|
Ramesses II |
Siptah |
|
Merenptah |
Queen Tawosret |
20th Dynasty, circa 1186-1069 BC:
Sethnakht
Ramesses III
Ramesses IV
Ramesses V
Ramesses VI
Ramesses VII
Ramesses VIII
Ramesses IX
Ramesses X
Ramesses XI
Third Intermediate Period:
21st Dynasty (Tanis), circa 1069-945 BC:
Smendes
Amenemnisu
Psusennes I
Amenemope
Osorkon the Elder
Siamen
Psusennes II
22nd Dynasty (Libyan), circa 945-735 BC:
Sheshonk I
Osorkon I
Sheshonk II
Takelot I
Osorkon II
Takelot II
Sheshonk III
Pami
Sheshonk V
Theban kings, circa 818-730 BC:
Pedubast I Input I
Sheshonk IV(?)
Osorkon III
Takelot III
Rudamen Iny
23rd Dynasty (Libyan), circa 735-710 BC:
Pedubast II
Osorkon IV
Psammous
Local dynasties, circa 730 BC:
Thotemhat and Nimlot (Hermopolis)
Peftjauawybast (Heracleopolis)
Input II (Leontopolis)
24th Dynasty, circa 727-715 BC:
Tefnakht
Bakenrenef
25th Dynasty (Kushite), circa 760-653 BC:
Kashta
Piye
Shabako
Shebitku
Taharka
Tanutameni
Late period:
26th Dynasty (Saite), circa 664-525 BC:
Neko I
Psamtik I
Neko II
Psamtik II
Apries
Amasis
Psamtik III
27th Dynasty (Persian), circa 525-404 BC:
Cambyses
Darius I
Xerxes I
Artaxerxes I
Darius II
Artaxerxes II
28th Dynasty, circa 404-399 BC:
Amyrtaeus
29th Dynasty, circa 399-380 BC:
Nepherites I
Hakor
Nepherites II
30th Dynasty, circa 380-343 BC:
Nectanebo I Teos
Nectanebo II
31st Dynasty (Persian), circa 343-332 BC:
Artaxerxes III
Arses
Darius III
Ptolemaic period, circa 332-32 BC:
Macedonians:
Alexander the Great
Philip Arrhidaeus
Alexander IV
Ptolemaic Dynasty:
Ptolemy I Soter I
Ptolemy II Philadelphus
Ptolemy III Evergetes
Ptolemy IV Philopator
Ptolemy V Epiphanes
Ptolemy VI Philometor
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
Ptolemy VIII Evergetes II
Ptolemy IX Soter II
Ptolemy X Alexander I
Ptolemy IX Soter II (again)
Ptolemy XI Alexander II
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
Cleopatra VII Philopator
Ptolemy XIII
Ptolemy XIV Caesarion
Roman period
Begins after the defeat of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, when Egypt became a Roman province.
Coptic period
From the defeat of the Roman emperor Maxentius by Constantine I in AD 312, when Christian persercution ended in the Roman empire, to the Arab invasion of Egypt in AD 639.
