Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Our proposed model is promising for organizing more flexible, dynamic and
user centric mobile interactive evacuation models but, there are still some funda-
mental issues that need to be solved for designing 3D navigation systems for evac-
uation purposes. One of the most challenging issue that needs to be considered
is designing an accurate indoor positioning system. As a future work we intend
to develop and integrate a well-organized indoor positioning model which will
serve 3D positions to our evacuation model. With the advancements in mobile and
wireless technologies we probably will see more attempts for designing intelligent
building evacuation strategies in the near future.
Acknowledgment
This study was supported by TUBITAK—The Scientific and Technological
Research Council of Turkey (Project No: 112Y050) research grant. We are indebted for its
financial support.
References
Atila U, Karas IR, Rahman AA (2012) A 3D-GIS Implementation for realizing 3D network analysis
and routing simulation for evacuation purpose. Progress and new trends in 3D geoinformation sci-
ences, series. Lecture notes in geoinformation and cartography. Springer, New York, pp 249-260
Gröger G, Kolbe TH, Czerwinski A, Nagel C (2008) OpenGIS city geography markup language
(CityGML) encoding standard, version 1.0.0, international OGC standard. Open Geospatial
Consortium
Karas IR, Bayram B, Batuk F, Akay AE, Baz I (2008) Multidirectional scanning model, MUSCLE,
to vectorize raster images with straight lines. Sensors 8(4):2673-2694. ISSN: 1424-8220
Jun C, Kim H, Kim G (2009) Developing an indoor evacuation simulator using a hybrid 3D
model. In: Lee J, Zlatanova S (eds) 3D geo-information sciences. Springer, Berlin, pp
173-178
Karas IR, Batuk F, Akay AE, Baz I (2006) Automatically extracting 3D models and network
analysis for indoors. In: Abdul-Rahman A, Zlatanova S, Coors V (eds) Innovation in 3D-geo
information system. Springer, Berlin, pp 395-404
Kolbe TH (2008) Representing and exchanging 3D city models with CityGML. In: Lee J,
Zlatanova S (eds) 3D geo-information science. Springer, Berlin, pp 15-31
Kuligowski ED (2005) A review of building evacuation models. Technical note 1471. National
Institute of Standards and Technology
Kwan MP, Lee J (2005) Emergency response after 9/11: the potential of real-time 3D GIS for quick
emergency response in micro-spatial environments. Comput Environ Urban Syst 29:93-113
Lee J (2001) 3D data model for representing topological relations of urban features. In:
Proceedings of the 21st annual ESRI international user conference, San Diego, USA
Lee J (2007) A three-dimensional navigable data model to support emergency response in micro-
spatial built-environments. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 97(3):512-529
Lee J, Zlatanova S (2008) A 3D data model and topological analyses for emergency response in
urban areas. In: Zlatanova S, Li J (eds) Geospatial information technology for emergency
response. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 143-168
Lo SM (1999) A fire safety assessment system for existing buildings. FireTechnol 35(2):131-152
Longley PA, Goodchild MF, Maguire DJ, Rhind DW (2001) GIS data collection, geographic
information systems and science. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp 203-224
Meijers M, Zlatanova S, Pfeifer N (2005) 3D geo-information indoors: structuring for evacua-
tion. In: Proceedings of next generation 3D city models, Bonn, Germany
Pelechano N, Malkawi A (2008) Evacuation simulation models: challenges in modelling high
rise building evacuation with cellular automata approaches. Autom Constr 17(4):377-462
