Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 3.19
As Fig.
3.18
, but for urban terrain (z
0
= 1m)
Fig. 3.20
Principal sketch of internal boundary layers developing over step-changes in surface
properties
temperature, and moisture are changed within the IBL and return to the undis-
turbed values at the IBL top.
Slanted IBL tops have to be distinguished from inversions and sloping frontal
surfaces at which likewise changes in the vertical profiles of wind, turbulence,
temperature, and moisture can happen. Inversions are usually horizontal and
caused either by adiabatic sinking motions from above or by radiative cooling
from below. Frontal surfaces are slanted like IBL tops but move with the synoptic
pressure systems and are not linked to changes in surface properties. If several
subsequent changes in surface properties occur in the streamwise direction, mul-
tiple IBLs can form. They all grow with distance from the respective boundary of
each surface type. At some larger distance to the initiating change in surface
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