Microbiological Coastal Risks and Monitoring Systems - Vulnerability of Coastal Ecosystems and Adaptation - page 116

3.4.2.1. Step 1: predict and understand the mechanisms for the
emergence and propagation of the disease
This first step consists of experimentally establishing the
mechanisms that link the physical, biological and socio-economic
parameters associated with the diseases. The objective is to identify
the conditions favorable to the development of the disease and better
to comprehend the mechanisms for the transmission and proliferation
of pathogenic agents. This step involves an observation phase and a
diagnostic phase:
- observation phase: its goal is to collect multidisciplinary data in
situ : the ecology of the pathogen, the entomology of the vectors
responsible for the pathogen's transmission, host-vector relationships
or host-pathogen relationships, environmental and climatic data,
sensitivity to the infectious agent, dose-infection, etc.;
- diagnostic phase: its goal is to extract and identify the principal
mechanisms at work favoring the propagation and diffusion of the
disease.
3.4.2.2. Step 2: production of adapted space products
This step should be taken in response to criteria specific to a disease,
defined during the stage of understanding the processes governing this
disease. Its objective is, therefore, to create and/or use appropriately
adapted space technology. The satellite images provide information that
does not directly concern the pathogens responsible for the disease, but
rather their environment (geographic data, meteorological data,
hydrological data, etc.) and notably the locations favoring their
development and proliferation. The supply of satellite imagery is,
therefore, to enable the measurement of the environmental factors
favorable (or not) to the emergence of infectious diseases as identified
in the course of the previous step: the identification of zones of
vegetation, the detection of stagnant water, the surface temperature of
the sea, the concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a ), salinity, etc., for
example. This step consists of identifying which types of satellite data
respond best to researchers' needs (spatio-temporal and spectral
resolution) and then creating the products. The latter depend in general
not only on new products, but also on the adaptation of already