Integrated Models in Hydrology and Meteorology - Transport in the Atmosphere-Vegetation-Soil Continuum - page 324

In a gridbox :
wind speed, temperature,
humidity, liquid and frozen water

Exchange between levels :
parameterized transport

Exchange between columns :
mainly resolved advection, partly
parameterized transport

Earth's surface :
surface fluxes and
surface temperature

Figure 9.12 Atmospheric grid boxes in which one value for wind speed and direction,
temperature, humidity and liquid and frozen water is deined are vertically embedded
in atmospheric columns which in turn are horizontally connected. Earth's surface is
the lower boundary for each column. Note that the size of the grid boxes in this igure
(5 by 5 degrees) is much larger than used in present-day weather models (approx. 16
km in the ECMWF model in 2012).

Table 9.3 Input data required to simulate crop growth with WOFOST

Category Input data

Weather Temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, humidity, rainfall

Irrigation Irrigation timing, gift amounts, irrigation water salinity

Crop Emergence date, criteria crop development stage, light use eficiency,

maximum assimilation rate, growth and maintenance respiration factors,
sensitivity to water and salinity stress, dry matter partitioning as function
of crop development, organ death rates, root density proile as function of
crop development, rainfall interception

Soil moisture Initial soil moisture, drainage, soil hydraulic functions