Progressive Descent of Weathering Fronts, other Pedogenetic Mechanisms and Spatial Organization of Soils - Major Soil Groups of the World - page 110

Table 3.6 Principal processes of pedogenesis (Bockheim and Gennadiyev
2000; Duchaufour 2001).

Processes Manifestations See:

Anthrosolization Transformation of the soil under the Mentioned in

predominant influence of man Chap. 2

Ferrallitization Degradation of all minerals, elimination of bases and

silica, concentration in place of aluminium and iron

Chap. 5

Silication Accumulation of silica that forms a hard horizon

Vertisolization Appearance of a large quantity of swelling

clays; associated phenomena Chap. 6

Calcification Retention or accumulation of carbonates or of

gypsum in dry environment Chap. 7

Argilluviation Vertical translocation of clay and differentiation

of an enriched middle horizon Chap. 8

Fersiallitization Formation of silica-rich clay minerals containing

ferric iron Chap. 9

Andosolization Accumulation of amorphous materials in organic

environment Chap. 10

Podzolization Degradation of primary minerals except quartz;

local redistribution of iron and aluminium Chap. 11

Gleization Result of excess water; reduction of ferric iron

and its translocation as ferrous iron in soils

that are otherwise hardly transformed

Chap. 12

Paludization Accumulation of immature organic matter under

the influence of excess water and often of cold

Salinization Accumulation of salts in the soil solution,

especially NaCl

Chap. 13

Accumulation of Na + ions on the exchange

Sodization/

Alkalinization complex; degradation of the soil following

sodization

Melanization Accumulation of organic matter that darkens

the profile; but this encompasses many processes

that are actually very different… Chap. 14

Cryoturbation Turning over of the soil under the effect of

alternate freezing and thawing Not covered

It is necessary to read the corresponding chapters to better
understand these processes. But let us summarize rightaway the main
point. Consider a small sample of granite containing different types of
silicates and quartz. It has bases (Ca, Mg, K, Na), iron, aluminium and
silicon. According as it is hot or cold, as the drainage is assured or not,
as organic matter will be involved or not, the pedogenetic mechanisms