Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
binding for the member states. The extended profiles (Extended 2D and Extended
3D) are in contrast optional. It should be noted that INSPIRE covers only spatial
data which is already available in the member states or which can be derived from
existing data at reasonable costs. The gathering of new data is not required by
INSPIRE.
This chapter provides a detailed description of the normative part of the
building model (profiles Core 2D and Core 3D) and of the intended use cases of
the model. Furthermore, an overview on the extended profiles is given. Current
version of the building model is v. 3, release candidate 3, see INSPIRE TWG BU
(
2013
).
The rest of this chapter is organized as follows: In
Sect. 2
, the results of the
analysis of use cases for buildings are presented, as well as the resulting
requirements for the building model.
Section 3
is devoted to the description of the
building model. The normative profiles are presented in
Sects. 3.1
-
3.3
and the
non-normative, extended profiles in
Sect. 3.4
. The chapter ends with concluding
remarks, an outlook on the further development of SDIs in Europe and a discussion
of the relation to the international standard CityGML for 3D city models.
2 Use Cases
A detailed and widespread analysis of use cases of building data in the member
states of the European Union was conducted by the TWG BU. Aim of the analysis
was to explore what building data is used for the use cases and what the
requirements for the building model with regard to geometry and attributes are.
The results of the use case analysis are as follows (for a detailed description of the
use cases see INSPIRE TWG BU
2013
):
• Modeling of buildings as physical phenomena, which influences air circula-
tion, air pollution, wind, water flood, noise, etc. Building data is used as input
for corresponding simulation and propagation models. Mostly, a 3D model of
buildings is required, the shape of the roof, information about architecture, and
the material of the roof and of the façade.
• Computation of population for statistical units, to estimate the number of
inhabitants of a building. Required are the footprint area of a building, the
current usage (residential, office, etc.), the number of floors or alternatively, the
height of the building to estimate this number.
• Large scale 2D mapping for city maps (tourism, business, …) and medium
scale mapping for topographic and land use/cover maps. The 2D geometry
of buildings (often in addition the geometry of building parts), the building
nature, and the name of the building are required. Constructions which are not
considered as buildings are important for this use case as well.
• 3D models for communication and construction purposes. For this use case,
the three-dimensional geometry of the building has to be provided, as well as the
