Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
positions of walls, roofs surfaces, and openings. In addition, the material of the
roof, of the façade and of the building's structure and textures for walls and
roofs are required.
• Safety: Buildings as obstacles for air navigation and as landmarks to sup-
port marine navigation. The geometry and height/elevation of buildings and
other constructions (chimneys, antennas, wind turbines, …) and their qualifi-
cation as landmark are needed for this use case.
• Risk assessment/management: Assessment of risks in order to take pro-
tection and rescue measures. Risks may be caused by floods, earthquake,
landslides, and fire. Required is information on the current usage of buildings, in
particular the service type (schools, hospitals, rescue services, …) or the qual-
ification as residential building. Furthermore, the material of the structure and of
the façade, the number of floors, the description of floors, openings, and the
height above ground are needed. The dates of construction and of last renovation
help to assess the vulnerability of the building, and the external reference to
corresponding representations of the building/construction in other data sets is
useful to obtain further information on the building/construction. For risk
management, constructions such as tunnels and bridges, open air pools, build-
ings with flat roofs (helicopter landing), addresses, the 3D representation of
openings, internal and external installations (stairs, lifts), rooms and building
units are needed in addition.
• Urban Expansion/Urban Atlas: For this use case, the classification of build-
ings or constructions as industrial site, sewage plant, farming industries, public
service (school, university, church, …), dam, bunker, acoustic fence, leisure
facility is needed.
• Urban monitoring (demography, energy, water, …) and urban planning:
For buildings, the detailed 2D geometry, the height above ground, the material
of roof/façade, the official area are required.
• Environment (noise, soil, air quality, energy/sustainability, …): For noise
simulation, the 2D geometry, the height above ground (alternatively the coarse
3D geometry), the roof type, the material of roof/facade, the service type
(school, hospital, …), and the number of dwellings are required. For estimating
the energy performance of buildings
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, the 2D geometry, the official area, the
usage, the number of floors, the date of construction and the external reference
are needed. The result of the estimation should be represented as attribute of the
building (energy performance). In order to promote the reduction of CO
2
emissions, the indoor model of a building (LoD4 in CityGML)—geometrical
descriptions of rooms and building units—along with information on the
material of the roof and of the façade, the heating source, the heating system,
installations such as air conditioning units, solar panels or wind turbines) have to
be provided.
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Energy Performance of Building Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 19 May 2010.
