Mechanisms for Damage and Failure from the Great East Japan Tsunami - Tohoku, Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011 - page 54

Figure 40: Noda tsunami seawall (old
wall) — Broken off concrete portions of
seawall; 2m x 2m x 0.8m concrete armor
units tossed 75m inland over the wall

Figure 41: Noda tsunami seawall (new
wall) —Sheared off top precast concrete
section of seawall with insufficient steel
rebar vertical/horizontal connections

Figure 42: Otsuchi tsunami seawall —
Ripped out section of tsunami wall
where the supported bridge deck
intersected and is now missing from
uplift/impact)

Figure 43: Onagawa tank structure —
Collapsed tank ripped off its foundation
(Note: Storage tanks, often partially full,
commonly float because their fluid
contents are usually less dense than
water.)