Mechanisms for Damage and Failure from the Great East Japan Tsunami - Tohoku, Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011 - page 53

Figure 36. Otsuchi tsunami wall — Wall
sections (54m in total length) scoured on
landward side, slid off foundation, and
rotated/overturned

Figure 37. Kojirahama tsunami wall --
The shallow foundation keyway is visible
in underside of the overturned unit on
the right of the photo

Figure 38. Koizumihama Beach tsunami
seawall — Seawall completely destroyed
from hydrodynamic/impact loading and
beach scour; seawall sections slid off
foundation, rotated, and overturned

Figure 39. Onagawa building — Three-
story concrete building overturned off its
foundation; underside visible slab on
grade without piling or footings