Geological Hazard Potential at the Baltic Sea and Its Coastal Zone: Examples from the Eastern Gulf of Finland and the Kaliningrad Area - The Baltic Sea Basin - page 341

Table 16.1 The classification of exogenic geological potential hazards for the coastal zone of Russia (Osipov and Shoigu 2002 )

Groups Classes Types

I Caused by climatic and biological factors Weathering

II Caused by relief and gravity Movement of rocks without the loss of the

contact with slope

Landslides

Movement of rocks with the loss of the
contact with slope

Rock collapse, slope slide

III Caused by hydrological processes Sediment movement as a result of wave

and current impacts

Coastal erosion
Alongshore sediment drift
Lateral erosion by rivers and flows
Erosion of permafrost coasts
Sediment accumulation at high and very
high rates

IV Caused by groundwater Sediment leakage Erosive leakage

Drop of groundwater level Slumps

Rising of groundwater level Swamping, flooding caused by

groundwater level change

Degradation or destruction of the ground
structure

Quick grounds, shifting sands

Clayey rocks swelling Clay swelling

V Caused by wind Deflation

VI Caused by anthropogenic impact Mineral resources mining and

underground construction

Slumps and shifts of rocks

Hydrotechnical constructions Coastal and sea bottom erosion

Industry, agriculture, sewage waters Sea bottom sediment pollution