Urban Systems As Place-Based Foci For Infrastructure Interactions - Climate Change and Infrastructure, Urban Systems, and Vulnerabilities - page 48

Table 5. Illustrative depiction of interdependencies among infrastructures in the Miami
case depending on infrastructure design features and the location and timing of sector
disruptions

Table 5. Illustrative depiction of interdependencies among infrastructures in the Miami
case depending on infrastructure design features and the location and timing of sector
disruptions

Public

Electric Natural Water Health &

Power Gas Petroleum Communications Distribution Transportation Sanitation

Electric N/A Strong Medium Strong Strong Weak Strong

Power

Natural Strong N/A Low Strong Weak Weak Weak

Gas

Petroleum Strong Weak N/A Medium Weak Strong Strong

Communication Strong Strong Strong N/A Strong Medium Strong

Water Strong Weak Weak Strong N/A Weak Strong

Distribution

Transportation Medium Medium Strong Medium Weak N/A Strong

Public Health & Strong Weak Medium Strong Strong Strong N/A

Sanitation

coastlines, and population shifts during and after extreme weather events are forecast
to increase continuously in the coming decades (Zhang et al., 2000). As climate condi-
tions change, populations shift, and requirements for power increase; infrastructure is
likely to evolve to accommodate demand, and simultaneously to prevent risk to human
welfare such as described within this case study.
Extreme weather events such as hurricanes create direct and cascading impacts
within key infrastructure sectors such as those listed on page 32 (Table 5 ) . These sectors
are interdependent within the described case study in that disruptions within one net-
worked infrastructure will cascade into other infrastructures which may in turn cause
further disruptions in a third infrastructure, adding up to far more vulnerabilities than
would be discovered by examining each infrastructure independently. This coupling
can provide both a source of resilience and a source of additional stress. Infrastructures
will evolve and their interdependencies will change in reaction to climate drivers as the
networks expand into new population areas and as portions of the networks are aban-
doned as people leave environmentally and economically degraded locations. Event
drivers and asset specific vulnerabilities include changes in temperature, precipitation,
population, frequency of extreme storm events and sea level rise. Population migration