Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Recently in September 4, 2013, GoI notifi ed
the extension of the scheme for continuation of
generation-based incentive (GBI) for grid inter-
active wind power projects during the 12th Plan
period. According to the notifi cation under the
scheme, a GBI will be provided to wind electric-
ity producers at Rs. 0.50 per unit of electricity fed
into the grid for a period not less than 4 years and
a maximum period of 10 years with a cap of Rs.
100 lakhs per MW. The total disbursement in a
year will not exceed one fourth of the maximum
limit of the incentive, i.e. Rs. 25.00 lakhs per
MW during the fi rst 4 years. The GBI scheme
will be applicable for the entire 12th Plan period
having a target of 15,000 MW. The GBI scheme
would be implemented in parallel with the exist-
ing fi scal incentives for grid-connected wind
power projects. The GBI will cover grid-
connected generation from wind power projects
set up for sale of electricity to grid at a tariff fi xed
by State Electricity Regulatory Commissions
(SERC) and/or the state government and also
include captive wind power projects including
group captive but exclude third party sale (viz.
merchant power plants). Such incentives would
certainly encourage the investors, producers and
consumers of green energy. Incentive schemes
like GBI would help building huge confi dence
among the investors and producers as such
confi dence-building measures might ensure some
unviable projects to be commercially viable.
biomass has been actively promoted with
appropriate incentive schemes in India. The
government offers fi scal incentives such as
10-year income tax holidays, customs and excise
duty exemptions for machinery and equipment
and sales tax exemptions in some states. Fiscal
incentives like 80 % depreciation in the very fi rst
year could be claimed for the following equip-
ment required for co-generation systems:
1. Back pressure, pass-out, controlled extraction,
extraction-cum-condensing turbine for co-
generation with pressure boilers
2. Vapour absorption refrigeration systems
3. Organic rankine cycle power systems
4. Low-inlet-pressure small steam turbines
Similarly, biogas is another clean and low-
carbon technology-driven fuel. Through effi cient
management and conversion of organic wastes,
clean renewable biogas along with bio-fertiliser
could be produced. Biogas has a great potential to
leverage sustainable livelihood, especially in rural
India. Energy produced from biogas provides a
solution to unavailability of cooking fuel and elec-
tricity in rural India. Based on the availability of
cattle dung alone from about 304 million cattle,
there is an estimated potential to produce about
18,240 million cubic metres of biogas annually.
Biogas could complement with other renewables
like solar to improve affordability, accessibility
and availability of energy to all citizens, especially
in rural India. This could really change rural liveli-
hood and socioeconomic outlook in big ways.
6.3
Biomass Energy
6.4
Hydro Power
Studies sponsored by the Ministry of New
Renewable Energy (MNRE) has estimated surplus
biomass availability at about 120-150 million
metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA) covering
agricultural and forestry residues with a potential
of 18,000 MW power generation in India. As of
March 31, 2011, the total installed biomass
power/co-generation capacity in India reached
2664.63 MW from 483.93 MW in 2003. Uttar
Pradesh leads with 592.50 MW followed by
Tamil Nadu (488.20 MW), Maharashtra
(403 MW), Karnataka (365.18 MW) and Andhra
Pradesh (363.25 MW). Energy generation from
According to the RNE21 (
2013
) report, an esti-
mated 30 GW of new hydropower capacity came
online in 2012, increasing global installed capac-
ity by about 3 % to an estimated 990 GW. The top
countries for hydro capacity are China, Brazil,
the USA, Canada, and Russia, which together
account for 52 % of total installed capacity.
Globally, hydropower generated an estimated
3,700 TWh of electricity during 2012, including
approximately 864 TWh in China, followed
by Brazil (441 TWh), Canada (376 TWh), the
USA (277 TWh), Russia (155 TWh), Norway
Search WWH ::
Custom Search