Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(143 TWh) and India (>116 TWh). In India
hydropower contributes about 18 % of total
installed capacity (Table 9 ) of power. The total
hydroelectric power potential in the country is
assessed at about 150,000 MW (see EIA). The
potential of small hydropow er projects is esti-
mated at about 15,000 MW. Currently, the coun-
try is able to harness about 26 % of the total
potential and needs signifi cant strategic efforts to
convert potentials into reality.
One way of capitalising on the potential
hydropower is to actively encourage and give
incentives to investors to invest in small hydro
projects. For promoting small hydro projects, the
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
offers fi nancial incentives for states in the north-
eastern region, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal
Pradesh and Uttarakhand (Special Category
States) and other states. Both government sector
and private sector companies are entitled for such
benefi ts. The government gives fi nancial incen-
tive of Rs 20,000 per kW (up to thousand kW)
and Rs 2.00 crore for the fi rst MW with Rs.
30 lakhs for each additional MW (up to 25 MW).
Plain and other regions of all other states, the
above-mentioned incentives are reduced to
Rs.12,000 per kW and Rs.1.2 crore with an addi-
tion of Rs. 20 lakhs for each additional MW up to
25 MW (Table 10 ).
Hydroelectric power is essentially a clean and
renewable form of energy. However, the con-
struction of hydroelectric power plants, especially
those of very large scale, poses a few environ-
mental problems like construction of dam and
downstream water environment. Hence, the gov-
ernment needs to take necessary care and precau-
tionary measures to protect the interest of local
people, environment and climate conditions.
Table 9 Total installed capacity (MW) in India as of June
30, 2013
Coal 132,288.39 58.59
Gas 20,359.85 9.02
Oil 1,199.75 0.53
Hydro (renewable) 39,623.40 17.55
Nuclear 4,780.00 2.12
RES a (MNRE) 27,541.71 12.20
Total 225,793.10 100.00
SHP small hydro project; BG biomass gasifi er; BP bio-
mass power; U&I urban and industrial waste power; RES
renewable energy sources
a Renewable energy sources (RES) include SHP, BG, BP,
U&I and wind energy
Source : http://www.powermin.nic.in/indian_electricity_
scenario/introduction.htm
6.5
Natural Gas
Natural gas is not a renewable form of energy but
it is considered to be much greener fuel com-
pared to coal and liquid petroleum. Although
India is not self-suffi cient in terms of meeting
current natural gas demand, strategic planning to
ensure better procurement and development of
gas infrastructure like re-gasifi cation terminal,
transmission pipeline and city gas distribution
system could ensure higher level of availability
and accessibility. Some of the countries in Europe
having better accessibility to gas, especially
Russian piped natural gas (PNG), have developed
Table 10 Incentive for small hydropower projects up to 25 MW
Private, co-operative, joint sector, etc.
Government, state and public sector
Above 1 MW and
up to 25 MW
Above 1 MW
and up to 25 MW
Up to 1,000 KW
Up to 1,000 kW
N.E. region, J and K,
Himachal Pradesh and
Uttarakhand (Special
Category States)
Rs 20,000 per kW
(up to 1,000 kW)
Rs 2.00 crore for fi rst
MW + Rs. 30 lakhs for
each additional MW
Rs 50,000 per kW
Rs 5.00 crore for
fi rst MW + Rs. 50
lakhs for each
additional MW
Plain and other regions
of all other states
Rs 12,000 per kW
Rs 1.20 crore for fi rst
MW + Rs. 20 lakhs for
each additional MW
Rs 25,000 per kW
Rs 2.50 crore for
fi rst MW + Rs. 40
lakhs for each
additional MW
Source : http://www.ireda.gov.in/forms/contentpage.aspx?lid=1,340
 
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