Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.2
Rapid diagnostics: sensing mechanisms, their dynamic ranges and sensitivity/ detection
limits
Molecular dyes or enzymatic reactions
Analyte
Dynamic range
Sensitivity/
detection Limit
Reference
Bovine serum albumin
0.38
75
µ
M
0.75
µ
M
[
70
,
71
]
-
Glucose
2.5
500 mM
5 mM
[
70
,
72
-
75
]
-
pH
5
-
9 pH units
0.5 pH units
[
73
]
Human serum albumin
0.46
46
μ
M
0.8
µ
M
[
73
]
-
Bendiocarb
<2
μ
M
1nm
[
76
]
*
Carbaryl
<2
μ
M
*
10 nm
[
76
]
Paraoxon
<10
μ
M
*
1nm
[
76
]
Malathion
<10
μ
M
10 nm
[
76
]
*
A
fl
atoxin B1
<40
μ
M
30 nm
[
77
]
*
Antibodies to the HIV-1
envelope antigen gp41
1:1
-
1:100 dilution of
HIV in serum
54 fmol/zone
(rabbit IgG)
[
78
]
Lactate
1
25 mM
1 mM
[
74
]
-
Uric acid
0.1
7 mM
0.1 mM
[
74
,
75
]
-
Red cell antigens A, B, and D
Qualitative
N/A
[
79
,
80
]
Urinary acetoacetate
5
16 mM
0.5 mM
[
81
]
-
Salivary nitrite
5
µ
M
2mM
5
µ
M
[
81
]
-
Total iron
50
µ
M
-
1mM
44
µ
M
[
82
]
Hg(II), Ag(I), Cu(II), Cd(II),
Pb(II), Cr(VI), Ni(II)
5.4
-
120.0 ppm
0.001; 0.002;
0.020; 0.020;
0.140; 0.150;
0.230 ppm
[
83
]
Organic solvents
5
100 % (v/v)
5 % (v/v)
[
84
]
-
Hydrogen peroxide
0.1
10 ppm
0.4 ppm
[
85
]
-
Volatile organic compounds
Qualitative
Qualitative
[
86
]
10
9
colony
forming unit
10
5
10
5
CFU
E. coli strain K12 ER2738
[
87
]
*
- *
*
10
3
cfu/cm
2
10 cfu/cm
2
E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella
Typhimurium, and L.
monocytogenes
10
[
88
]
-
Particulate metal (Fe)
1.5
15
µ
g
1.5
µ
g
[
89
]
-
Particulate metal (Ni)
1
-
15
µ
g
1
µ
g
[
89
]
Particulate metal (Cu)
1
15
µ
g
1
µ
g
[
89
]
-
Alkaline phosphatase
<500 U/L
15 U/L
[
90
]
*
Aspartate aminotransferase
<300 U/L
*
44 U/L
[
90
]
Aspartate aminotransferase
50
200 U/L
84 U/L
[
91
]
-
*
Alanine aminotransferase
50
200 U/L
53 U/L
[
91
]
-
*
Airborne particulate matter
10
-
100
pmol min
−
1
0.32
-
0.65 ng
[
92
]
g
−
1
μ
0.2
-
10 mg L
−
1
0.05 mg L
−
1
Reactive phosphate
[
93
]
(continued)
