Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
bacterial species
S. epidermidis
,
S. aureus
,
S. haemolyticus
,
P. vulgaris
, and
S. sonnei
were found to be 19, 19, 16, 17, and 18, respectively. The values for
the fungal species,
C. krusei
,
C. albicans
,
A. niger
,
A. fumigatus
,
and
C. neo-
formans
, were 9, 9, 6, 5, and 8 mm, respectively (Ramamurthy
et al., 2012).
TOLYPOTHRIX DISTORTA
KUTZING, 1843
Phylum: Cyanobacteria
Class: Cyanophyceae
Order: Nostocales
Family: Microchaetaceae
Distribution: Europe, Southwest Asia
Habitat: Freshwater habitats, streams
Description: This soft-bodied species has dark blue-green or brown colonies
that are mat- or cushion-like. The ilaments (3 cm × 20 µm) have repeated,
single false branching at the heterocyst. The cells (10 × 15 µm) are slightly
constricted at cross walls. The heterocysts are in rows of two or three,
but usually they are single. The sheath is initially colorless but becomes
yellow- brown with age.
Compounds and activities: The bioactive compounds isolated from this spe-
cies, viz., boronic acid and ethyl-dimethyl ester, have shown antibacterial
activities against
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Bacillus subtilis
,
and
Shigella
sonnei
.
A maximum activity of 83.9% was recorded with ethyl-dimethyl
ester (Al-Wathnani et al., 2012).
HAPALOSIPHON FONTINALIS
(C. AGARDH) BORNET, 1889
