Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Phylum: Cyanobacteria Class: Cyanophyceae
Order: Nostocales Family: Hapalosiphonaceae
Distribution: Paciic Islands, Australia, New Zealand, Southwest Asia,
Southeast Asia
Habitat: Freshwater habitats, paddy ields
Description: This ilamentous species has several coiled ilaments as clus-
ters. The ilaments are irregularly arcuated with uniserial trichomes. The
sheaths are thin and colorless. The heterocysts are intercalarym and the
cylindrical cells possess ine and sparse granules.
Compounds and activities: The bioactive compounds isolated from the aque-
ous and methanol extracts of this species include fontonamide and anhydro-
hepaloxindole A (alkaloids) possessing antibacterial activities and several
antimycotic alkaloids possessing antifungal properties (Moore et al.,
1987).
The values of inhibition zone diameter (mm) for the bacterial species
S. epi-
dermidis
,
S. aureus
,
S. haemolyticus
,
P. vulgaris
, and
S. sonnei
were found
to be 18, 19, 13, 16, and 14, respectively. The values for the fungal species,
C. krusei
,
C. albicans
,
A. niger
,
A. fumigutes
,
and
C. neoformans
, were 7,
9, 8, 6, 7, and 7 mm, respectively (Ramamurthy et al.,
2012).
FISCHERELLA MUSICOLA
(THURET) GOMONT, 1895
Phylum: Cyanobacteria Class: Cyanophyceae
Order: Nostocales Family: Hapalosiphonaceae
Distribution: Europe, Australia, New Zealand
Habitat: Freshwater habitats
Description: This benthic species has uni- and multiserial ilaments.
Heterocysts are present in trichomes.
Compounds and activities: The bioactive compounds ischerellin A and
B isolated from this species have shown antibacterial activities against
Micrococcus luteus
. A strong inhibition of 22--27 mm was recorded in this
regard (Srivastava, 1996).
