Immunological Response to Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Morphological Assessments - Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries: Injury and Mechanistic Assessments - page 598

Table 1
Time course of immune system response to experimental ICH brain injury in rodents

ICH
model Cell types/markers/method 1 hr 4 hr 6hr 1d 2d 3d 4d 7 d 1 wk 4 wks References

INNATE IMMUNE MECHANISMS
Cellular
Neutrophyls (IP,IH)

B - - + +++ ++ - - ( 12, 14 )

CD45 hi GR-1+ (FC) (neutrophils) B + + ( 4 )

Microglia/macrophages (IF, IH) RCA+ B - - - - +++ ++ ( 12 )

Microglia/macrophages (RCA+) C +++ ++ ( 12 )

CD45 lo GR-1- (FC) B - - ( 4 )

ICAM-1 (IP) B + + ++ +++ ++ ( 3 )

Humoral
Pro-infl ammatory cytokines
IL-1beta mRNA
ELISA

B
B

+
++ + 3h

+++
++ 8h

++
++

+ + ( 9, 13 )

IL-6 mRNA
IP

B
B

+++
+

++
+

+++ +

++

+ ( 3, 13 )

TACE (mRNA) B + ++ ++ +++ ( 13 )

ICE (mRNA) B + ++ +++ +++ ( 13 )

TNF-alpha IP
IP
mRNA

B
C
B

+ +

+ 12 h
+++

++
+++
+++

+++
+++

++
+

+
+

++ + 3wks ( 3, 13, 30 )

Anti-infl ammatory cytokines
IL-1ra (mRNA) B ++ ++ ++ + ( 13 )

IL-10 (mRNA) B +++ ++ ++ ++ ( 13 )

TGF- beta B + + +++ +++ ( 13 )

VFGF (IP) B + ++ +++ +++ +++ ( 13 )