Neurobehavioral Assessments of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries: Injury and Mechanistic Assessments - page 419

of anesthesia and postoperative pain. In addition, this score has not
been tested if it can detect treatment effects at later time points
than 72 h.

4.2. Order to Perform
the Six Tests

The order of the six tests is not determined and depends on inves-
tigators' preference. The important thing is always to perform the
six tests in a similar way including the order and the environment
such as light and noise, which potentially affect the scores.

No report describes an angle of the slope used for climbing tests.
In our experience, 60° is the best for climbing tests after SAH.

4.3. Angle of the Slope
for Climbing Test

4.4. Alternative
Methods for
Neurological Scoring

Other than the Garcia's scoring system with or without a modifi ca-
tion, there are many neurobehavioral tests that have assessed neu-
robehavior after SAH. Different models were used and the results
were different among researcher's groups. These tests were
reviewed by Jeon et al. ( 4 ).

References

1. Hansen-Schwartz J, Vajkoczy P, Macdonald
RL, Pluta RM, Zhang JH (2007) Cerebral
vasospasm: looking beyond vasoconstriction.
Trends Pharmacol Sci 28:252-256
2. Macdonald RL, Pluta RM, Zhang JH (2007)
Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemor-
rhage: the emerging revolution. Nat Clin Pract
Neurol 3:256-263
3. Titova E, Ostrowski RP, Zhang JH, Tang J
(2009) Experimental models of subarachnoid
hemorrhage for studies of cerebral vasospasm.
Neurol Res 31:568-581
4. Jeon H, Ai J, Sabri M, Tariq A, Shang X, Chen
G, Macdonald RL (2009) Neurological and
neurobehavioral assessment of experimental
subarachnoid hemorrhage. BMC Neurosci
10:103. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-10-103
5. Garcia JH, Wagner S, Liu KF, Hu XJ (1995)
Neurological defi cit and extent of neuronal

necrosis attributable to middle cerebral artery
occlusion in rats: statistical validation. Stroke
26:627-634
6. Sugawara T, Ayer R, Jadhav V, Zhang JH
(2008) A new grading system evaluating bleed-
ing scale in fi lament perforation subarachnoid
hemorrhage rat model. J Neurosci Methods
167:327-334
7. Park S, Yamaguchi M, Zhou C, Calvert JW,
Tang J, Zhang JH (2004) Neurovascular
protection reduces early brain injury after
subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 35:
2412-2417
8. Sugawara T, Jadhav T, Ayer R, Chen W, Suzuki
H, Zhang JH (2009) Thrombin inhibition by
argatroban ameliorates early brain injury and
improves neurological outcomes after experi-
mental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.
Stroke 40:1530-1532