Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
2. On Joshua Lederberg, see Leon Kass, “The Wisdom of Repugnance,”
The
New Republic
, June 2, 1997, 17, and “New Beginnings in Life,” in
The New
Genetics and the Future of Man
, ed. Michael P. Hamilton (Grand Rapids, MI:
William B. Erdmann's, 1972), 54. See also John C. Eccles,
The Human Mystery
(Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1979); Macfarlane Burnett,
Endurance of Life:
The Implications of Genetics for Human Life
(London: Cambridge University
Press, 1978); and I. Wilmut, A. E. Schnieke, J. McWhir, A. J. Kind, and K. H.
S. Campbell, “Viable Offspring Derived from Fetal and Adult Mammalian
Cells,”
Nature
385 (February 27, 1997): 810-813.
3. Walter Gilbert, “A Vision of the Grail,” in
The Code of Code: Scientific and
Social Issues in the Human Genome Project
, ed. Daniel J. Kevles and Leroy Hood
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), 95.
4. See especially John C. Eccles,
Facing Reality
(Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1970)
and his numerous references, in particular in chapters 1 and 4.
5. Oswei Tempkin,
Galenism: Rise and Decline of a Medical Philosophy
(Ithaca,
NY: Cornell University Press, 1973), 85.
6. Langdon Winner, “Resistance Is Futile: The Posthuman Condition and Its
Advocates,” this volume.
7. In 1986, Congressman Edward J. Markey released records detailing experi-
ments by the U.S. government between 1940 and 1971; see Subcommittee on
Energy and Power,
American Nuclear Guinea Pigs: Three Decades of Radiation
Experiments on U.S. Citizens
, 99R Cong., 2
nd
sess., 1986, 3.0727.0000643 W.
On the syphilis experiments, see James H. Jones,
Bad Blood: The Tuskegee
Syphilis Experiment
(New York: Free Press, 1981). On the experiments docu-
mented by Henry K. Beecher, see his
Experimentation in Man
(Springfield, IL:
Charles C. Thomas, 1959), and “Ethics and Clinical Research,”
New England
Journal of Medicine
74 (1966): 1354-1360. On other questionable experiments,
see George J. Annas and Michael A. Grodin, eds.,
The Nazi Doctors and the
Nuremberg Code
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1992); Norman Howard-
Jones, “Human Experimentation in Historical and Ethical Perspectives,”
Social
Science and Medicine
16 (1982): 1429-1448; and William Curran, “Subject
Consent Requirements in Clinical Research: An International Perspective for
Industrial and Developing Countries,” in
Human Experimentation and Medical
Ethics
, ed. Zbifniew Bankowski and Norman Howard-Jones (Geneva: Council
for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, 1982).
8. Simon Mawer,
Mendel's Dwarf
(New York: Penguin Books, 1998). Mawer
himself is a microbiologist and a geneticist.
9. Ibid., 5.
10. Ibid., 21.
11. Ibid., 18.
12. Ibid., 242-243.
13. For a sense of “restorative medicine,” see Richard M. Zaner, “Thinking
about Medicine,” in
Handbook of Phenomenology and Medicine
, ed. A. Kay
Toombs (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2001), 127-144, and “Brave New World
