Land and Watershed Management - Practices of Irrigation and On-farm Water Management - page 239

- FAO Soils Bulletins 57 (Soil and Water Conservation in Semi-arid Areas)
- FAO Soils Bulletins 78 (Conservation Agriculture - Case Studies in Latin
America and Africa)
- FAO Irri. & Drainage Paper 55 (Control of Water Pollution from Agriculture)
Questions
(1) What do you mean by watershed? What are the elements of a watershed?
(2) Why is watershed management important?
(2) Briefly discuss the issues related to watershed management.
(3) Discuss the factors affecting watershed functions.
(4) What do you mean by “land grading” and “land improvement?” What is
precision grading?
(5) What are the factors influencing land grading and development?
(6) Write down the activities and design considerations in land grading.
(7) What points should you consider in the early surveys?
(8) What is lot benching?
(9) What are the considerations in construction work? What are the maintenance
considerations?
(10) Discuss in brief the various methods for determining earth-work volume.
(11) Discuss the runoff and sediment generation processes.
(12) Discuss the factors affecting runoff rate and volume.
(13) Briefly describe the various methods of runoff volume estimation.
(14) Discuss the factors affecting soil erosion
(15) What is sediment yield? Describe the Universal Soil Loss Equation for
estimating sediment yield
(16) How can the erosion and sediment generation be controlled?
(17) Briefly explain the modeling principles of runoff and sediment yield. Name
five models for estimating runoff and sediment yield.
(18) Explain the principles of watershed management.
(19) Briefly explain the measures to be taken for watershed protection.
(20) Discuss the climate change issues to be considered in watershed.
(21) Discuss the principles of sustainable watershed management.
(22) How can the wetland in a watershed be managed?
(23) Discuss the impacts of climate change on watershed management.
References
ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers) (1998) Soil and water terminology. ASAE
Standards, 1998, Standards Engineering Practices Data ASAE S526.1:936-952
Lal R (1997) Soils of the tropics and their management for plantation forestry. In: Nambier EKS,
Brown AG (eds) Management of soil, nutrients and water in tropical plantation forests, AIC
Conference, Sydney, pp 97-121