Magnetic Resonance Tracking of Stem Cells with Iron Oxide Particles - Intracellular Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications - page 460

prior to transplantation, but is restricted by the inability of stem cells to incorporate
sufficient label. This review addresses the optimisation of stem cell tagging with
iron oxide particles to improve MR tracking, alternative cell labelling techniques
using gene transfer, and the translational applications of cellular imaging.

Keywords Magnetic nanoparticle • Stem cell tracking • MRI • SPIO

Abbreviations

MRI magnetic resonance imaging

ESC embryonic stem cells

MSC mesenchymal stem cells

Gd-DTPA gadolinium diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid

SPIO superparamagnetic iron oxide particles

USPIO ultrasmall SPIO

MION monocrystalline iron oxide nanocompound

VSOP very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles

AMNP anionic magnetic nanoparticle

IV intravenously

CLIO cross-linked iron oxide particles

Ab antibody

MGIO microgel iron oxide particles

EPC endothelial progenitor cells

PLL poly-L-lysine

Tf transferrin

TfR transferrin receptor

NSC neural stem cells

DC dendritic cells

CGMP clinical grade manufacturing practice

BrdU 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine

BBZ bis benzamide

SDR static dephasing regime

1 Stem Cell Therapy

Stem cell therapy is a rapidly emerging field of regenerative medicine where
transplanted cells directly replace and/or ameliorate the repair of damaged host
tissue. The adult body possesses natural, albeit rare, stem cells, either remaining from
fetal development or acquired through microchimeric events such as pregnancies
(Lee et al. 2010a ). Although endogenous stem cells participate in tissue repair
during injuries or diseases, they are often insufficient in number to obtain effective