Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
insects, especially Hemiptera and Lepidoptera;
some species exhibit polyembryony.
EXAMPLES:
Copidosoma flavomaculatum
(pith
moth parasitoid),
Litomastix aretas
(straw-
berry tortrix moth parasitoid).
parasitoid),
Encarsia formosa
(glasshouse
whiteny parasitoid).
16. Family EULOPHIDAE
Tarsi 4-segmented; wing pubescence irregular.
Most species are 1-3 mm long and parasitoids of
leaf-mining insects, including many crop pests.
EXAMPLES:
Chrysocharis prodice
(apple
pygmy moth parasitoid),
Diglyphus
spp.,
Eulophus pennicornis
(brassy tombstone
chalcid),
Tetrastichus asparagi
(asparagus
beetle parasitoid).
15. Family APHELINIDAE
Mainly black-bodied chalcids with venation of
the forewing lying mainly along the front margin
(Fig. 156c);
tarsi 5-segmented.
EXAMPLES:
Aphelinus mali
(woolly aphid
parasitoid),
Aphytis mytilaspidis
(mussel scale
17. Family TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE
Tarsi 3-segmented; forewings broad, the venation
S-shaped
(Fig. 156d);
wing pubescence arranged
in distinct lines; hindwings very narrow; hair
fringes short; constriction between propodeum
and gaster secondary. All species are minute (0.3-
1.0 mm long) and parasitoids of insect eggs.
EXAMPLE:
Trichogramma evanescens
(a para-
sitoid of many lepidopterous pests).
Fig. 155
Left lateral view of the abdomen of a
pteromalid wasp - family Pteromalidae.
Fig. 156
Venation of the forewings of chalcid wasps: (a) family Pteromalidae; (b) family Encyrtidae; (c) family
Aphelinidae; (d) family Trichogrammatidae; (e) family Mymaridae.
