Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig.
158
Venation of the forewing of a cynipid wasp
- superfamily Cynipoidea.
19. Family PLATYGASTERIDAE
Antennae usually 10-segmented. Primarily
parasitoids
of
gall
midges
(family
Cecidomyiidae).
EXAMPLES:
Platygaster oebalus
(brassica pod
midge parasitoid),
Platygaster zosine
(hessian
fly parasitoid).
/
Fig. 157
Mid-leg of an encyrtid wasp - family
Encyrtidae.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA (cynipids)
Minute or small, mainly black insects; antennae
not geniculate, those of females usually 13-
segmented (males 14- or 15-segmented); wings,
when present, without a pterostigma; venation
often reduced and rather characteristic
(Fig. 158);
gaster compressed laterally. Larvae apodous and
maggot-like, pupating without forming a cocoon.
Includes parasitic and gall-forming species, and
also many gall-inhabiting inquilines.
18. Family MYMARIDAE (fairy flies)
Minute chalcids (many less than 0.25 mm long)
with linear, stalked wings
(Fig. 156e);
mainly
black or yellow and non-metallic; scape of an-
tenna short; ovipositor arising near tip of gaster.
All species are egg parasitoids.
EXAMPLE:
Anagrus
atomus
(glasshouse
leafhopper parasitoid).
20. Family CYNIPIDAE
Superfamily
PROCTOTRUPOIDEA
A very large group of minute or small, black
and slender-bodied parasitoids, with a much re-
duced wing venation; a pterostigma sometimes
present; apterous forms common; antennae
without annuli (cf. superfamily Chalcidoidea),
usually 10- to 12-segmented, the apical four or
five segments often forming a slight club;
pronotum reaching back to the tegulae (cf.
superfamily Chalcidoidea) and the ovipositor
arising from the extreme tip of the gaster,
features shared by certain members of the
Aculeata (e.g. superfamily Vespoidea); front
tibiae each with one spur (cf. superfamily
Ceraphronoidea).
Mainly gall-forming cynipids, often with very
complex life-cycles; gastral tergites 2 and 3 form
the bulk of the gaster. Many species are associ-
ated with forest and ornamental trees and
shrubs.
EXAMPLES:
Andricus kollari
(marble gall
wasp),
Diplolepis rosae
(bedeguar gall wasp),
Neuroterus
quercusbaccarum
(oak
leaf
spangle-gall cynipid).
Superfamily
SCOLIOIDEA
Includes various parasitic species with formida-
ble stings.
