Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Lyonetiinae -
Lyonetia clerkella {larva
= apple
leaf miner).
10. Family GRACILLARIIDAE
(p. ••
et seq.)
A large group of minute to small moths with
long, narrow wings; wings with long hair fringes;
antennae without an 'eye-cap'. Larvae are leaf
miners, with four pairs of abdominal prolegs
(prolegs absent from the sixth abdominal seg-
ment); crochets scattered but sometimes forming
a lateral penellipse surrounding several larger
crochets
(Fig. 115b);
first-instar larva apodous
and very flat, with blade-like mandibles. Pupa-
tion occurs in a cocoon within the larval habita-
tion or mine, from which the pupa protrudes
following adult emergence.
EXAMPLES:
Gracillariinae -
Caloptilia
syringella (larva =
lilac leaf miner);
Lithocolletinae -
Phyllonorycter blancardella
(apple leaf blister moth).
Fig. 117 Right forewing and hindwing of a clearwing
moth - family Sesiidae.
EXAMPLE:
Synanthedon myopaeformis
(apple
clearwing moth).
13. Family CHOREUTIDAE
(p. 206
et seq.)
A distinctive group of small moths, formerly
included within the family Glyphipterigidae.
Adults broad-winged, the wings held flat over
the body when in repose. Larvae usually web-
forming on dicotyledonous plants; abdominal
prolegs pencil-like.
EXAMPLE:
Choreutis pariana (larva
= apple
leaf skeletonizer).
11. Family PHYLLOCNISTIDAE
A group of very small moths with an 'eye-cap'
(see Fig. f 16). Larvae apodous and sap-feeding
throughout their leaf-mining life.
EXAMPLE:
Phyllocnistis unipunctella {larva -
poplar leaf miner).
14. Family GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE
(p. 206)
A large family of small or very small moths,
established mainly in the southern hemisphere
and poorly represented in Europe. Adults
have prominent ocelli. Larvae with prothoracic
spiracle surrounded by a sclerotized plate, and
three or fewer crochets on each abdominal
proleg. Larvae usually feed on grasses and
sedges.
EXAMPLE:
Glyphipterix simpliciella
(cocksfoot
moth).
Superfamily YPONOMEUTOIDEA
12. Family SESIIDAE (clearwing moths)
(p. ••
et seq.)
Wasp-like, day-flying moths with scales absent
over much of the wing area; forewings very nar-
row (Fig.
117);
antennae frequently expanded at
apex; abdomen terminating in a fan-like tuft of
scales. Larvae feed and pupate within the wood
or pith of host plants; crochets uniordinal, ar-
ranged in two transverse bands
(Fig. 115c),
but in
a single row on the anal prolegs. Pupae capable
of cutting their way out of the larval gallery,
using the heavily sclerotized head.
15. Family YPONOMEUTIDAE
(e.g. small ermine moths)
(p. 206
et seq.)
A
variable and diverse family of small to
medium-sized moths with well-developed, pro-
