Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
4. Family HAEMATOPINIDAE
(wrinkled sucking lice)
5. Family LINOGNATHIDAE
(smooth sucking lice)
Surface of abdomen distinctly wrinkled; para-
tergal plates present.
EXAMPLES:
Haematopinus eurysternus
(short-
nose cattle louse),
Haematopinus suis
(pig
louse).
Abdomen membranous, without paratergal
plates.
EXAMPLES:
Linognathus ovillus
(sheep sucking
louse),
Solenopotes capillatus
(blue cattle
louse).
ORDER HEMIPTERA (TRUE BUGS)
1
Series GYMNOCERATA
Bugs with conspicuous, freely moveable anten-
nae. Includes a wide range of phytophagous and
blood-sucking species, many of considerable
economic importance.
Minute to large insects, usually with two pairs
of wings and piercing, suctorial, needle-like
mouthparts; forewings frequently partly or en-
tirely hardened (leathery). Metamorphosis usu-
ally gradual and incomplete.
Suborder HETEROPTERA
Adults usually with two pairs of wings; forewings
(hemelytra) with a leathery basal area and a
membranous tip, the former often divided into a
clavus, corium, cuneus and embolium (Fig. 20);
hindwings membranous; forewings, when in re-
pose, overlapping and held flat over the body;
head porrect; rostrum (= beak) arising from front
of head and flexibly attached; body usually
flattened dorsoventrally; pronotum large; tarsi
usually 3-segmented. Eggs usually rounded or
flask-shaped, and often with a distinct operculum
(see Fig. 9). Includes phytophagous and preda-
cious species.
Series GYMNOCERATA -
AMPHIBICORISAE
Entirely predatory bugs, adapted to life on the
surface of water; body with a ventral coating of
water-repellent hairs. Includes pond skaters
(family Gerridae) and various other families, but
no members of agricultural significance.
Series GYMNOCERATA -
GEOCORISAE (terrestrial bugs)
Predatory and phytophagous bugs, adapted to a
variety of terrestrial habitats; body without a
Series CRYPTOCERATA
Truly aquatic bugs, with antennae concealed
in depressions under the head. Includes back-
swimmers (family Notonectidae), water boat-
men (family Corixidae) and water scorpions
(family Nepidae), but no members of agricul-
tural significance.
Fig. 20 Generalized structure of the forewing
(hemelytron) of a bug - suborder Heteroptera.
1
The suborders HETEROPTERA and HOMOPTERA are often regarded as orders and the term Hemiptera
abandoned.
