Insects - Agricultural Entomology - page 20

ventral coating of water-repellent hairs. Includes
many pests and predators of agricultural
significance.

present; rostrum 4-segmented; scutellum trian-
gular; forewings without a cuneus, the mem-
brane with several long veins (Fig. 21).
EXAMPLE: Gastrodes abietum (spruce bug).

Superfamily PENTATOMOIDEA

(shield bugs) 4. Family PIESMATIDAE (p. 96)

Medium-sized to large insects, with lateral mar-
gins of head concealing the antennal bases;
antennae usually 5-segmented; ocelli usually
present; rostrum 4-segmented; scutellum large
(often huge), U-shaped or triangular; tarsi 2- or
3-segmented; pulvilli present. Includes both
phytophagous and predacious species.

Small, flattened, elongate-oval insects, with
ocelli present in macropterous forms; median
part of head distinctly bifid anteriorly (Fig. 22):
rostrum 4-segmented; pronotum and corium of
forewing reticulate; membrane of forewing dis-
tinct and with several more or less parallel veins
(Fig. 23); scutellum exposed (i.e. not covered
by the pronotum); tarsi 2-segmented; pulvilli
present. Entirely phytophagous and associated
mainly with Chenopodiaceae (beet, etc.).
EXAMPLE: Piesma quadratum (beet leaf bug).

1. Family ACANTHOSOMATIDAE

Shield bugs with 2-segmented tarsi.
EXAMPLE: Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale

(hawthorn shield bug).

Superfamily TINGOIDEA
5. Family TINGIDAE (lace bugs)

2. Family PENTATOMIDAE (shield bugs)

Flattened, phytophagous bugs without ocelli, the
pronotum and wings with a reticulate, lace-like
pattern (Fig. 24); membrane of forewing indis-
tinct; scutellum usually completely covered by
the pronotum; tarsi 2-segmented; body often

Tarsi 3-segmented and usually without strong
spines; scutellum usually not reaching to tip of
abdomen.
EXAMPLES: Nezara viridula (green stink bug),
Pentatoma rufipes (forest bug).

Superfamily COREOIDEA
3. Family LYGAEIDAE (ground bugs)

Small, phytophagous, mainly brownish bugs, al-
though sometimes marked with bright red; ocelli

Fig. 22 Head of a leaf bug - family Piesmatidae.

Fig. 21 Forewing (hemelytron) of a ground bug -
family Lygaeidae.

Fig. 23 Forewing (hemelytron) of a leaf bug - family
Piesmatidae.