Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
differ by a factor of 10
5
and volumes by a factor of 10
15
. The natural question that
arises is whether this is just a coincidence or a reflection of some deeper connection
that exists between the atom and the cell. The latter possibility appears to gain some
credibility when we expand the comparison between the atom and the cell even
further as detailed in Fig.
10.4
.
Equilibrons
are stable under normal conditions, while
dissipatons
are unstable,
requiring continuous dissipation of free energy to be maintained.
The three types of particles shown in Fig.
10.3
that constitute the atom are
actually embedded in a more complex network rooted in matter/energy (or
mattergy) as shown on the left-hand side of Fig.
10.4
. The
atomic network
shown
here consists of five nodes (labeled 1 through 5) and six edges, two of which are
identified as gluons (see Edge 3-5) and photons (Edge 3-4). If ACIP is valid, it
should be possible to construct a similar network for the cell, and this anticipation
appears largely realized by the cell network topology shown on the right-hand side
of Fig.
10.4
. To populate the nodes and edges of the cell network in accordance with
ACIP, it was necessary to introduce five new terms (in addition to
equilibrons
,
dissipatons
, and
cytons
), namely,
gnergy
,
ergons, gnons, conformons,
and
IDSs
that
had all been previously invoked in connection with the model of the universe
(known as the Shillongator) based on the gnergy principle that originated in cell
that all the terms appearing in the cell network are written in italics to indicate the
fact they are new to science, and (2) that the names of these terms are arbitrary and
can be replaced by other terms as long as they serve equivalent roles in the cell
network consistent with ACIP. It is clear that the topology of the atomic network
(i.e., the left-hand side of Fig.
10.4
) provides a useful theoretical framework to
organize the set of the eight new concepts and terms, that is,
gnergy, ergons, gnons,
cytons, equilibrons, dissipatons, conformons,
and
IDSs,
that I have introduced into
cell and molecular biology during the past four decades (Green and Ji 1972a, b;
Ji 1974a, b, 1991, 2000, 2002b, 2004a, b), which may be interpreted as indirectly
supporting the ACIP.
A quantitative support for the ACIP was provided by the surprising findings
that the mathematical equations similar in form to the blackbody radiation equa-
tion discovered by M. Planck in 1900 accounted for single-molecule enzyme
kinetics of cholesterol oxidase (Ji 2008b) and the genome-wide RNA metabolism
of budding yeast undergoing glucose-galactose shift (Ji and So 2009d) (see
Sects. 11.3.3 and 12.12). The first systematic characterization of the ACIP was
presented in Table 1.15 in (Ji 1991) where the term 'the cyton' appears for the first
time and the force mediated by the cyton was given the name 'cell force', in
analogy to the 'strong force' mediated by gluons. Therefore, if the ACIP is true,
there must exist a new force, the cell force, which may be viewed as constituting
the fifth force of nature after the strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational
forces (Han 1999, Huang 2007). Thus the ACIP may be alternatively referred to
as the
cell force hypothesis
(CFH), and it may be asserted that the CFH formulated
in 1991 was in part quantitatively validated in 2008-2009 (Ji 2008b, Ji and
So 2009d).
