Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
7
In 2011, the US Department of Health and Human Services categorized
styreneasa“reasonablyanticipatedtobeahumancarcinogen.”Chemical
industry legally challenged the classification without success.
8
A standard set of simulants are commonly used to assess migration of
compounds from packaging. These are 3% acetic acid, 10% alcohol/
water, 50% ethanol/water and olive or sunflower oil.
9
Terephthalic acid (TPA), isophthalic acid (IPA), and dimethyl
terephthalate (DMT).
10
In 2012, the USEPA issued new restrictions on highly toxic emissions
from PVC manufacturing facilities. The annual emission reductions as a
result of these from major sources are estimated to be 238 tons of total
air toxics including 21 tons of hydrogen chloride.
11
Dioxins are persistent and bioaccumulative. Once in the food web it
can partition and bioconcentrate, resulting in exposure (especially of
children) to even higher levels than the 0.7 pg/kg level.
12
In the case of the red blood cell storage, the leached DEHP is believed to
stabilized the cell membrane, allowing the extension of storage time up
to 49 days (Lozano and Cid, 2013).
