Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
60
100
NGI
FSI
NGI
FSI
50
80
40
60
30
40
20
20
10
0
0
D
ABCD
A
B
C
Fig. 10.56
Comparison of four nebulizer-generated budesonide aerosols based on
FPM
<5.0μm
and
TEM
reported by Sheng et al
.
using NGI and FSI systems; error bars represent ±1 SD (
From
[
50
]—
used with permission
)
Fig. 10.57
Comparison of
TEM
,
FPM
<5.0μm
and
CPM
>5.0μm
from two different pMDI formulations
measured by Sheng and Watanabe for NGI and FSI operated at 30 L/min; error bars represent
±1 SD (
n
= 3 replicates for each impactor) (
From
[
53
]—
courtesy of G. Sheng
)
In several instances, they also noted slightly lower variability in measurements
by their FSI, although further replicate experiments would be needed to confirm
this finding.
Interestingly, in a comparison of their pMDI data measured at 30, 45, and 65 L/
min [private communication post Workshop], Sheng and Watanabe also included
the ACI as a reference impactor. Values of
FPF
<5.0μm
by FSI were generally higher
than their equivalent from the ACI, with the greatest divergence at the highest flow
rate (Fig.
10.58
).
In the second part of their study, they compared
FPF
<5.0μm
for eight preparations
for nebulization containing suspended submicron and super-micron-sized
budesonide particles having different morphologies, formulated with and without
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