Information Technology Reference
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To be able to compare user acceptance of the
scenarios, a questionnaire was designed based on
TAMM. The focus groups first discussed each
scenario, and then each participant filled in the
questionnaire. The questionnaire included five
claims on a five-grade Likert scale (Table 2). The
claims covered ease of use, value and trust. Ease
of adoption was not included as the scenarios
described actual usage situations and not how the
systems had been taken into use.
The issues raised in the focus group interviews
gave an insight into the quantitative feedback
collected on the questionnaires. Even though ease
of adoption was left out of the questionnaire, the
participants raised it as a discussion theme in
almost all the focus groups Although the sce-
narios described ready-made installations, the
interviewees referred to problems that they ex-
pected to face in installing and configuring the
systems. Especially in relation to sports and fitness
scenarios, the interviewees pointed out that they
would not have time for complex set-up opera-
tions. The system should get started “with a
single button”. These comments confirm the
importance of ease of adoption in user acceptance
of mobile services.
Figure 7 highlights the results of the question-
naires regarding the scenarios illustrated in Figure
5. The results indicate the main user acceptance
problems in the selected application fields. The
golf scenario described how measurement infor-
mation on the movement of the golf club was
analyzed to give the player guidance on improv-
ing his drive. Similar to other sports scenarios the
interviewees doubted whether the system would
be easy enough to use, and in spoken comments
also ease of setting up the system was doubted.
The interviewees wondered whether additional
information on sports performance would make
the sports more enjoyable. On the other hand, the
scenario was found useful by sports enthusiasts.
In the Kindergarten scenario, the nurses utilized
tags embedded in children's cloths to identify lost
and found gloves and other clothes. Although the
service was found enjoyable and useful, trust was
raised in this as well as in other everyday sce-
narios where embedded tags were utilized. The
interviewees discussed privacy problems: who is
allowed to read the data, can the data be used for
hostile purposes and so on. User acceptance will
require technical securing mechanisms as well as
societal practices for acceptable utilization of
RFID tags.
A smart plaster that monitored the glucose level
of a lady with diabetes scored high marks, as did
the other health care scenarios. This encouraged
further study on the usage possibilities for the
platform on health care applications.
In the MIMOSA project, real-life scenarios
facilitated the study of user acceptance of forth-
coming applications in the early phases of archi-
tectural design. The results clearly indicated how
different user acceptance factors are emphasized,
depending on the application field. The applica-
tions will require extreme ease of adoption, and,
as the services will increasingly deal with personal
data, the user's trust in the services will become
an even more important user acceptance factor.
The results provided valuable feedback both to
the development of the basic architecture and
to applications development. The results also
helped in identifying the application fields with
the greatest potential.
Table 2. Claims in the scenario evaluation ques-
tionnaire
TAMM
Claim
Perceived
ease of use
The described service is easy to use
Perceived
value
The described service is useful
The described service is enjoyable
I would personally use the service
Trust
The scenario is credible
The scenario is ethically sound
Ease of
adoption
-
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