Safety and safety planning - Tunnel Engineering: Basics and Additional Services for Design and Construction - page 308

- Lighting:
- Injury due to insufficient lighting for the workplace, transport routes or persons out-
side the workplaces.
- Site electricity supply:
- Injury due to incorrectly installed high-voltage facilities (for example cables being
driven over).
- Fire or explosion.
- Consequences of a power failure (drainage, ventilation, measurement and monitor-
ing instrumentation).
- Excavation and support:
- Injury due to cave-in or rock burst (early strength of the shotcrete in the first few
hours).
- Injuries from falling rock (protective roofs on machines).
- Water or mud inflow.
- High dust concentration from shotcrete.
- Injuries from accidents due to inexpert handling of explosives.
- Gas escape:
- Explosion due to unacceptably high natural gas concentration.
- Contamination due to unacceptably high radon concentration.
These fields should be completely investigated for hazard scenarios for each new project.
8.3.4 Measures plan
Safety measures of an organisational or material nature provide complete or at least partial
defence against the danger, they reduce the risk to a acceptable degree. In order to cope
with injuries, which occur despite this, the measures plan should also include a rescue plan
with the associated alarm organisation.
The national organisations SUVA, TBG, AUVA have published aids, instructions and
guidelines, which should help every consultant to produce the measures plan for hazard
scenarios (for example “safe working” for tunnelling from the TBG) [235, 240].
For the rescue plan, a three-part structure is suitable, divided into structural, material and
personal measures. There follows an explanation of these measures with examples.
Structural measures serve to provide communication and fire protection measures:
- Communication.
- Alarm organisation.
- Measures in the event of fire with alarm and extinguishing systems.
- Rescue plan with escape routes, internal site transport facilities, helicopter landing pad etc.
Material measures include measuring instruments, rescue material, fire extinguishing
material:
- Measuring instruments, mobile and permanent, for the expected gas concentrations
including oxygen.
- Rescue material; breathing apparatus, resuscitation equipment, first aid material.
- Fire extinguishing materials like hoses, hand fire extinguishers etc.