Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
and Mark Burow, Texas A&M Univ. and Texas Tech Univ., Texas, pers.
commun.). Furthermore, using functional SNP markers for
FAD
genes
and marker-assisted breeding, the high oleate trait has been transferred
into a root-knot nematode (
Meloidogyne arenaria
)-resistant peanut cul-
tivar, Tifguard (Holbrook et al. 2008), to develop
'
(Chu et al. 2011). Likewise, diagnostic markers (Burow et al. 1996;
Church et al. 2000) have been used to con
'
Tifguard High O/L
rm root-knot nematode
resistance in BC
7
F
2:3
population of the cross Florunner and TxAG 6
(with Florunner as recurrent parent), which led to the development and
release of NemaTAM as nematode-resistant peanut cultivar in the
United States (Simpson et al. 2003a). It is expected that once the
transgenic events with stable expression for these traits are identi
ed,
β
atoxin)- and allergen-free peanuts will be
integrated into breeding programs to incorporate these genes with other
desirable seed quality traits. Further work is in progress toward identi-
fying DNA markers associated with phenological traits and resistance to
abiotic and biotic stresses to develop nutrient-rich and safe peanuts that
resist stress to produce more pods per unit of water.
-carotene-rich, toxin (a
IX. OUTLOOK
Peanut is an energy-dense and nutritious food. It is also a good source of
bioactive compounds, which further enhance the value of peanut as
wholesome food. Regular consumption of peanuts improves human
health. However, peanut is allergenic to some individuals and the plant
is susceptible to a
atoxin, with a potential to adversely impact human
health and trade. Peanut research in the past was directed toward
increasing grain yield and adaptation by incorporating host plant resist-
ance to pathogens and pests and adaptation to stress-prone environ-
ments, but with little or no emphasis on seed quality, especially in
developing countries in Asia and Africa, which account for 91% of the
global peanut production.
Seed quality in peanut, like in any other crops, is highly in
uenced by
growing environments and GEI (G
E). In spite of this, peanut breeders
found or developed germplasm with improved seed quality, for exam-
ple, high or low oil content, improved oil chemistry as determined by
high O/L fatty acid ratio, or high Fe and Zn contents. There is a need to
systematically screen germplasm collections for seed quality traits. The
availability of reduced subsets of germplasm variation in peanut and
high-throughput assays for estimating seed quality traits provide
researchers an opportunity to economically and effectively evaluate
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